Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online

Martin Haspelmath

Feature chapters

• Position of indefinite article in the noun phrase
• Negative morpheme types
• Position of standard negation
• Negation and indefinite pronouns
• Polar questions
• Focus particle ‘also’
• Vocative markers
• Para-linguistic usages of clicks
• Order of frequency adverb, verb, and object
• Position of interrogative phrases in content questions
• Vowel height distinctions
• Nasal vowels
• The schwa vowel
• Labiodental fricatives
• Palato-alveolar sibilants
• The voiced sibilant [z]
• Interdental fricatives
• The palatal nasal
• Prenasalized consonants
• The segment [h]
• Dual in independent personal pronouns
• Inclusive/exclusive distinction in independent personal pronouns
• Person syncretism in independent personal pronouns
• Special dependent person forms for subject and object
• Politeness distinctions in second-person pronouns
• Interrogative pronouns
• Pronoun conjunction
• Indefinite pronouns
• Occurrence of nominal plural markers
• Expression of nominal plural meaning
• The associative plural
• Functions of reduplication
• Definite articles
• Indefinite articles
• Co-occurrence of demonstrative and definite article
• Marking of pronominal possessors
• Marking of possessor noun phrases
• Independent pronominal possessors
• Aspect markers and inchoative meaning
• Marking of patient noun phrases
• Alignment of case marking of full noun phrases
• Alignment of case marking of personal pronouns
• Order of cardinal numeral and noun
• Ditransitive constructions with ‘give’
• Order of recipient and theme in ditransitive constructions
• Expression of pronominal subjects
• Expletive subject of existential verb
• Order of relative clause and noun
• Nominal and verbal conjunction
• Order of degree word and adjective
• Reflexive constructions
• Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns
• Reciprocal constructions
• Position of definite article in the noun phrase
• Passive constructions
• Applicative constructions
• Subject relative clauses
• Object relative clauses
• Instrument relative clauses
• ‘Want’ complement subjects
• Verb doubling in temporal clauses