Datapoint Haitian Creole/Instrument relative clauses

The construction under Value 8 uses zero (no complementizer) without with, and without resumptive pronoun.
Cf. the scissors she cut the paper.

Values

Instrument meaning is left implicit Frequency: 70.0%

Example 49-211:
M koupe vyann nan ak on kouto ki pa file.
M
1sg
koupe
cut
vyann
meat
nan
def
ak
with
on
indf
kouto
knife
ki
rel
pa
neg
file.
sharpen
I cut the meat with an unsharpened knife.
French: J'ai coupé la viande avec un couteau pas aiguisé.

Source: Dejean 1982: 55

Example 49-284:
Dyak m dyake machin nan pa bon.
Dyak
jack
m
1sg
dyake
lift
machin
car
nan
def
pa
neg
bon.
good
The jack with which I lifted the car is not good.
French: Le cric avec lequel j'ai soulevé la voiture n'est pas bon.

Source: Dejean 1982: 55

Example 49-286:
Kouto m koupe vyann nan pa file.
Kouto
knife
m
1sg
koupe
cut
vyann
meat
nan
def
pa
neg
file.
sharpen
The knife with which I cut up the meat is not sharp.
French: Le couteau avec lequel j'ai coupé la viande n'est pas aiguisé.

Source: Dejean 1982: 55

Confidence:
Very certain

Zero and resumptive pronoun Frequency: 30.0%

Example 49-285:
Dyak m dyake machin nan ak li a pa bon.
Dyak
jack
m
1sg
dyake
lift
machin
car
nan
def
ak
with
li
3sg
a
def
pa
neg
bon.
good
The jack with which I lifted the car is not good.
French: Le cric avec lequel j'ai soulevé la voiture n'est pas bon.

Source: Dejean 1982: 55

Example 49-287:
Kouto m koupe vyann nan ak li a pa file.
Kouto
knife
m
1sg
koupe
cut
vyann
meat
nan
def
ak
with
li
3sg
a
def
pa
neg
file.
sharpen
The knife with which I cut up the meat is not sharp.
French: Le couteau avec lequel j'ai coupé la viande n'est pas aiguisé.

Source: Dejean 1982: 55

Confidence:
Very certain