Datapoint Sango/Focus particle ‘also’

It surprises me that although nga occurred 119 times in my recorded corpus of 1962, nothing is said about it in Samarin (1967). This word is being used with other functions in contemporary urban Sango, introduced, I think, by speakers of Ngbandi, in whose language it means more than 'also.' It is my impression that nga occurs more frequently in a verb phrase than in a noun phrase.

Values

After the focused element

Example 59-347:
akota zo aeke na mbage osi ti te nga, na akoli aeke na mbage osi ti te ti ala nga
a-kota
pl-big
zo
person
a-eke
pm-cop
na
prep
mbage
side
osi
also
ti
to
te
eat
nga,
also
na
and
a-koli
pl-man
a-eke
pm-cop
na
prep
mbage
side
osi
also
ti
to
te
eat
ti
of
ala
3pl
nga
also
The elders were to one side to eat also, and men were also on one side to eat theirs also.
Example 59-348:
mo nga, Kamara, mbi ke mu na mo nginza ti gwe na ni na wali ti mo
mo
2sg
nga,
also
Kamara,
Kamara
mbi
1sg
ke
cop
mu
give
na
prep
mo
2sg
nginza
money
ti
of
gwe
go
na
prep
ni
det
na
prep
wali
wife
ti
of
mo
2sg
You also, Kamara, I'm going to give you money to take it to your wife.
Example 59-349:
mbi wara nga bongo mbi yu ma
mbi
1sg
wara
get
nga
also
bongo
cloth
mbi
1sg
yu
wear
ma
cl
I also get dresses to wear for sure.

Source: Samarin 1967: 237

Example 59-350:
ala nga ala hinga yanga ti kodoro ti i
ala
3pl
nga
also
ala
3pl
hinga
know
yanga
language
ti
of
kodoro
village
ti
of
i
1pl
They also know our indigenous language.
Example 59-351:
mo nga Kamara, mbi ke mu na mo nginza
mo
2sg
nga
also
Kamara,
Kamara
mbi
1sg
ke
cop
mu
give
na
prep
mo
2sg
nginza
money
You also Kamara, I'm going to give you money.

Source: Keesing 1988

Confidence:
Very certain