Datapoint Palenquero/Expression of pronominal subjects

Note that the situation is more complex than it may appear at first sight. This is because Palenquero often uses, in addition to standard/usual marking of subject pronoun + verb (cf. ele ta trabahá 'he is working') an additional clitic:

Ele e ta trabahá.
[he he is working]
[she she is working]

Note, however, that this doubling up of subject pronouns and clitics only occurs in the singular. For details, see Schwegler (2002a).

Values

Obligatory pronoun words

Example 48-23:
Yo i sabé eso nu.
Yo
I
i
dep.pro.1sg
sabé
know
eso
this
nu.
neg
I don't know this.
Spanish: (Yo) no sé eso.
Example 48-24:
Bo o sabé eso nu.
Bo
you
o
dep.pro.2sg
sabé
know
eso
this
nu.
neg
You don't know this.
Spanish: (Vos) no sabe eso.
Example 48-25:
Ele e sabé eso nu.
Ele
he/she
e
dep.pro.3sg
sabé
know
eso
this
nu.
neg
He/she doesn't know this.
Spanish: (Él/ella) no sabe eso.
Confidence:
Very certain