Datapoint Afrikaans/Order of recipient and theme in ditransitive constructions

The various possibilities relate closely to clause-type, with the S-V orderings being restricted to subject-initial V2 main clauses (and corresponding subordinate clauses) and the V-final options only being available in subordinate clauses. The S-T-V-R order is only possible where the Recipient has been "leaked", a possibility more generally available for PPs, but not NPs - cf. *omdat ons (vir) die man gegee het 'n roos [because we (to) the man given have a rose] 'because we gave the man a rose'.

Values

Verb-initial recipient – theme Frequency: 15.6%

Example 29-120:
Daarom gee ons (vir) die man 'n roos.
Daarom
therefore
gee
give
ons
1pl
(vir)
(for)
die
def.art
man
man
'n
indf.art
roos.
rose
Therefore we give the man a rose.
Confidence:
Very certain

Subject – recipient – theme – verb Frequency: 15.6%

Example 29-119:
omdat ek (vir) die man 'n roos gegee het
omdat
because
ek
1sg.nom
(vir)
(for)
die
def.art
man
man
'n
indf.art
roos
rose
ge-gee
ptcp-given
het
pst
because I gave the man a rose
Confidence:
Very certain

Verb-initial theme – recipient Frequency: 15.6%

Example 29-121:
Daarom gee ons die roos vir/aan die man.
Daarom
therefore
gee
give
ons
1pl
die
def.art
roos
rose
vir/aan
to
die
def.art
man.
man
Therefore we will give the rose to the man.
Confidence:
Very certain

Subject – verb – recipient – theme Frequency: 15.6%

Example 29-116:
Ek gee die vrou 'n roos.
Ek
1sg.nom
gee
give
die
def.art
vrou
woman
'n
indf.art
roos.
rose
I give the woman a rose.
Confidence:
Very certain

Subject – theme – recipient – verb Frequency: 15.6%

Example 29-118:
omdat ek die roos vir/aan die man gegee het
omdat
because
ek
I
die
def.art
roos
rose
vir/aan
to
die
def.art
man
man
ge-gee
ptcp-given
het
pst
because I gave the rose to the man
Confidence:
Very certain

Subject – verb – theme – recipient Frequency: 15.6%

Example 29-117:
Ek gee 'n roos vir/aan die man.
Ek
1sg.nom
gee
give
'n
indf.art
roos
rose
vir/aan
to
die
def.art
man.
man
I give a rose to the man.
Confidence:
Very certain

Other theme – recipient Frequency: 6.2%

Example 29-122:
omdat ons 'n roos gee vir/aan Karel
omdat
because
ons
we
'n
indf.art
roos
rose
gee
give
vir/aan
for/to
Karel
Charles
because we give a rose to Charles
Confidence:
Certain