Datapoint Nicaraguan Creole English/Intensifiers and reflexive pronouns

Whereas it might seem that the English pattern (intensifiers and reflexives are identical) is ousting the creole intensifying structures formed with bare self and wan, at least the latter structure persists in present-day Nicaraguan Creole English.

Values

Intensifiers and reflexives overlap

Example 11-272:
Meri sii arself iin di lukin glaas.
Meri
Mary
sii
see
ar-self
3sg.f-refl
iin
in
di
art.def
lukin
looking
glaas.
glass
Mary saw herself in the mirror.
Example 11-273:
Ih stie iizi, iizi tu ihself.
Ih
3sg
stie
stay
iizi,
easy
iizi
easy
tu
to
ih-self.
3sg-refl
So he kept very quiet by himself.
Example 11-274:
nat di riil biébi self
nat
neg
di
art.def
riil
real
biébi
baby
self
intfr
not the little baby (but rather the little boy)

Source: Holm 1978: 78

Example 11-275:
I liiv i braada him wan.
I
3sg
liiv
leave
i
3sg.poss
braada
brother
him
3sg
wan.
intfr
She left her brother by himself.

Source: Holm 1978: 288

Example 11-276:
Ai going go luk wan “help mi” fa kiip dis hat man fa mi wan.
Ai
1sg
go-ing
go-prog
go
go
luk
look
wan
art.indf
“help
help
mi”
me
fa
comp
kiip
keep
dis
dem
hat
hot
man
man
fa
for
mi
1sg
wan.
intfr
I am going to get myself a “help me” (magical protection) in order to keep this hot man all to myself.

Source: nd

Example 11-277:
Di dairektor ihnself uopn di doa.
Di
art.def
dairektor
director
ihn-self
3sg-intfr
uopn
open
di
art.def
doa.
door
The director himself opened the door.
Confidence:
Very certain