Datapoint Jamaican/Special dependent person forms for subject and object

Those personal pronouns which historically end with nasal consonants (im [3SG], dem [3PL]) have phonetic counterparts with nasal vowels (ihn and dehn), which represent the spread of the nasal feature to the preceding vowel followed by the loss of the consonant.

Ihn and dehn can only be used in subject position, cannot occur in an elliptical, verbless answer, and cannot be focused.

Values

Only dependent subject forms

Example 8-20:
Ihn tel lai pahn mi.
Ihn
3sg
tel
tell
lai
lie
pahn
on
mi.
1sg
He told a lie about me.
Example 8-21:
*A ihn tel lai pahn mi.
*A
foc
ihn
3sg
tel
tell
lai
lie
pahn
on
mi.
1sg
NOT: He is the one who told the lie about me.
Confidence:
Very certain