Cassidy (1961: 29–32) treats the use of pitch and intonation to distinguish meaning in the English derived word kyahn which can mean 'can' or 'cannot' depending on the tone. It is believed that older forms of Jamaican made more use of tone but no secure evidence has so far been unearthed to support this claim, and most works have only one (and the same) example. For these reasons I have selected Value 1, tentatively.