Datapoint Pidgin Hawaiian/Tightness of the link between the past marker and the verb

Pidgin Hawaiian expresses past reference via adverbials like mamua 'before' and kela manawa 'then'. Particles are not used for tense.

Values

No overt past marker exists

Example 71-74:
Oe mamua aie akahi dala, aole hoihoi mai, wau aole makana akahi dala iaoe.
Oe
2sg
mamua
before
aie
borrow
akahi
one
dala,
dollar
aole
neg
hoihoi
return
mai,
dir
wau
1sg
aole
neg
makana
give
akahi
one
dala
dollar
iaoe.
obj.2sg
You previously borrowed a dollar that you never returned to me, so I'm not going to give you a dollar.
Example 71-75:
Wau hoi no mamua ma kela hale iaia.
Wau
1sg
hoi
return
no
intens
mamua
before
ma
loc
kela
det
hale
house
iaia.
3sg.poss
I indeed went back previously to his house.
Confidence:
Very certain