Datapoint Kikongo-Kituba/Ongoing creolization of pidgins

Kikongo-Kituba has been used as an urban vernacular for several decades now, perhaps for a century already. Whether or not it is considered a creole depends on one's definition of "creole" and their hypothesis of how creoles emerged. I don't think anything is gained about how languages evolve under contact conditions by extending the term creole to various contact-based language varieties that function as vernaculars and/or have significant proportions of native speakers. Kikongo-Kituba is certainly not a pidgin.

Values

Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)

Confidence:
Certain