APiCS Online - 310 Ongoing creolization of pidgins

Values
Examples

Showing 1 to 75 of 75 entries

Language	Value	Lexifier	Source

Early Sranan	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Own knowledge
Sranan	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English
Saramaccan	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English
Nengee	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English
Creolese	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Own knowledge
Trinidad English Creole	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Own knowledge
Vincentian Creole	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Own knowledge
Jamaican	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Own knowledge
Belizean Creole	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English
San Andres Creole English	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Own knowledge
Nicaraguan Creole English	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Own knowledge
Bahamian Creole	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Hackert 2004: 33-44
Gullah	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Own knowledge
African American English	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Own knowledge
Krio	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Own knowledge
Ghanaian Pidgin English	Limited	English	Huber 1999: 151-152
Nigerian Pidgin	Widespread	English	Marchese and Shnukal 1982
Cameroon Pidgin English	Limited	English	Schröder 2003: 85ff.
Pichi	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Yakpo 2009b
Chinese Pidgin English	Absent	English
Singlish	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Ansaldo 2004: 127-149
Tok Pisin	Widespread	English	Own knowledge
Bislama	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Own knowledge
Norf'k	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English
Kriol	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Fieldwork Schultze-Berndt, Hudson 1985
Hawai‘i Creole	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	English	Velupillai 2003: 12ff
Negerhollands	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Dutch	Josselin de Jong 1926: 1
Berbice Dutch	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Dutch	Own knowledge
Afrikaans	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Dutch	Own knowledge
Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Portuguese	Holm 1989: 273/274
Cape Verdean Creole of Brava	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Portuguese
Cape Verdean Creole of São Vicente	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Portuguese	Swolkien de Sousa 2012
Guinea-Bissau Kriyol	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Portuguese	Intumbo's personal experience
Casamancese Creole	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Portuguese	Own knowledge
Santome	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Portuguese	Own knowledge
Angolar	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Portuguese	Own knowledge
Principense	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Portuguese	Own knowledge
Fa d’Ambô	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Portuguese	Own fieldwork 1995
Diu Indo-Portuguese	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Portuguese	Cardoso 2009: 7-9
Korlai	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Portuguese	Clements 1996: ch1
Sri Lanka Portuguese	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Portuguese	Own knowledge
Papiá Kristang	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Portuguese	Own knowledge
Ternate Chabacano	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Spanish
Cavite Chabacano	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Spanish	Own knowledge
Zamboanga Chabacano	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Spanish	Own knowledge
Papiamentu	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Spanish
Palenquero	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Spanish
Haitian Creole	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	French	Own knowledge
Guadeloupean Creole	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	French	Own knowledge
Martinican Creole	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	French	Own knowledge
Guyanais	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	French
Louisiana Creole	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	French
Reunion Creole	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	French	Own knowledge
Mauritian Creole	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	French	Own knowledge
Seychelles Creole	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	French	Own knowledge
Tayo	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	French	own knowledge Ehrhart
Kikongo-Kituba	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Bantu	Own knowledge
Sango	Limited	Other	Samarin 2001: 351–391
Lingala	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Bantu	Own knowledge
Fanakalo	Absent	Bantu	Own knowledge
Mixed Ma’a/Mbugu	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Other	Mous 2003
Kinubi	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Arabic	Personal data
Juba Arabic	Widespread	Arabic	Miller 1991: 159; Manfredi 2005: 220
Chinese Pidgin Russian	Absent	Other	Perekhvalskaya 2008
Sri Lankan Malay	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Malay
Singapore Bazaar Malay	Absent	Malay	Aye 2005: 40
Ambon Malay	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Malay	Scott 2008: 51
Yimas-Arafundi Pidgin	Absent	Other	Own field notes 1985
Pidgin Hindustani	Absent	Other	Own knowledge
Pidgin Hawaiian	Absent	Other	Own data
Gurindji Kriol	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Other	Own knowledge
Media Lengua	Limited	Spanish	Muysken 1981; Gómez Rendón 2008
Chinuk Wawa	Absent	Other	Own knowledge
Michif	Not applicable (because the language is not a pidgin)	Other	Own knowledge
Eskimo Pidgin	Absent	Other	Personal inference

Showing 1 to 75 of 75 entries

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Id	Primary text	Analyzed text	Gloss	Translation	Type	Language	Audio	Details

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Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online

310 Ongoing creolization of pidgins

Values