Datapoint Guadeloupean Creole/Verb doubling and focus

Values

Verb fronted with a copy in the background clause

Example 50-199:
Achté mwen achté'y.
Achté
buy
mwen
1sg
achté='y.
buy=3sg
I did buy it.
Example 50-200:
Bat Ijénie ka bat Ijenn.
Bat
beat
Ijénie
Ijénie
ka
prog
bat
beat
Ijenn.
Ijenn
It's beating what Ijénie does with Ijenn. OR: Ijénie is really beating Ijenn.

Source: Ludwig 1991: 95

Example 50-201:
Sé bat Ijéni ka bat Ijenn.
foc
bat
beat
Ijéni
Ijéni
ka
prog
bat
beat
Ijenn.
Ijenn
It's beating which Ijéni does/is doing with Ijenn.

Source: Ludwig 1991: 95

Example 50-202:
Sé bat menm Ijéni ka bat Ijenn.
foc
bat
beat
menm
intens
Ijéni
Ijéni
ka
prog
bat
beat
Ijenn.
Ijenn
It's really beating what Ijéni does/is doing with Ijenn.

Source: Ludwig et al. 1990

Confidence:
Very certain