Datapoint Palenquero/Politeness distinctions in second-person pronouns
Note that Palenquero bo 'you (SG)' often alternates with uté (derived from the Spanish "polite" form usted). However, in Palenquero, this alternation seems free, and has no semantic consequences. That is, bo and uté can both be formal and/or informal. Uté is thus not identical to Spanish usted.
Utere < Spanish ustedes ('you [PL]') is the usual form, enú (same meaning as utere) was highly archaic by the 1980s, but has undergone revitalization, as it is now recognized in the community as an "African" feature that has special sociolinguistic value. Enú is now used by younger Palenqueros who wish to display their (supposed) "deep knowledge" of the creole. Enú is derived from Kikongo, as shown in Schwegler (2002b: 185).
Values 
No pronominal politeness distinction
- Example 48-26:
-
¡Uté ~ bo ta loko!¡Utéyou.sg~~boyou.sgtabeloko!crazyYou (sg.) are crazy.Spanish: ¡Usted ~ vos está loco/loca!
- Example 48-27:
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¡Utere ~ enú ta loko!¡Utereyou.pl~~enúyou.pltabeloko!crazyYou (pl.) are crazy.Spanish: ¡Ustedes están locos/locas!
- Confidence:
- Certain