Datapoint Papiá Kristang/Passive constructions

The passive with toka is an adversity passive only.

Values

Typical passive construction Frequency: 70.0%

Example 42-157:
eli ja toka pegá di churikati
eli
3sg
ja
pfv
toka
touch
pegá
catch
di
of
churikati
goblin
He was caught by a goblin.

Source: Baxter 1988: 195

Example 42-160:
eli ja toka kemá
eli
3sg
ja
pfv
toka
touch
kemá
burn
He/She got burnt.

Source: Baxter 1988: 196

Confidence:
Very certain

Passive without verbal coding Frequency: 30.0%

Example 42-158:
aké kaza já kumí fogu
aké
that
kaza
house
já
pfv
kumí
eat
fogu
fire
The house got burnt down.

Source: Baxter 1988: 196

Example 42-159:
aké albi ja sunyá
aké
that
albi
tree
ja
pfv
sunyá
plant
The tree was planted.

Source: Baxter 1988: 175

Confidence:
Very certain