Datapoint Pichi/Instrumental expressions

A third type of instrumental expression features an associative object - a syntactic object that expresses an Instrument semantic role.

Values

Adposition Frequency: 53.8%

Example 19-131:
Dɛ̀n chukàn wèt nɛf.
Dɛ̀n
3pl
chuk=àn
pierce=3sg.obj
wèt
with
nɛf.
knife.
They stabbed him with a knife.

Source: Yakpo 2009: 425

Confidence:
Very certain

Serial verb Frequency: 23.1%

Example 19-130:
Dɛ̀n tek nɛf chukàn.
Dɛ̀n
3pl
tek
take
nɛf
knife
chuk=àn.
pierce=3sg.obj
They stabbed him with a knife.
Confidence:
Very certain

Unmarked noun phrase Frequency: 23.1%

Example 19-132:
Dɛ̀n chukàn nɛf.
Dɛ̀n
3pl
chuk=àn
pierce=3sg.obj
nɛf.
knife
They stabbed him with a knife.

Source: Yakpo 2009: 425

Confidence:
Very certain