Datapoint Early Sranan/Comitatives and instrumentals

The form langa (< English along) alternates with nanga. Nanga is found exclusively in the late 18th century sources. In one mid-18th century source both forms co-occur. In the remaining early and mid-18th century sources langa is encountered (Van den Berg 2007: 135).

Values

Identity

Example 1-11:
Dem nakki mi nanga wippi.
Den
3pl
naki
hit
mi
1sg
nanga
with
wipi.
whip
They beat me with the whip.
German: Ich bin mit dem Peitschen-Stock geschlagen worden. [op.cit.]

Source: Schumann 1783: 47

Example 1-166:
[...] mi zote joe na hede lange da gon.
[...]
[...]
mi
1sg
sutu
shoot
yu
2sg
na
loc
hede
head
nanga
with
da
det.sg
gon.
gun
[...] I'd shoot you in the head with the gun.
Dutch: [...] moest ik u met de Snaphaan voor de Kop schieten. [op.cit.]

Source: van Dyk ca. 1765: 81

Example 1-167:
Kon nanga mie.
Kon
come
nanga
with
mi.
1sg
Come with me.
Dutch: Komt met my. [op.cit.]

Source: Weygandt 1798: 75

Example 1-168:
Kaba a kommoppo na bergi nanga dem.
Kaba
and
a
3sg.sbj
komopo
come.from
na
loc
bergi
mountain
nanga
with
den.
3pl
And he came down from the mountain with them.

Source: Schumann 1781: 57

Confidence:
Very certain