Value Accusative alignment

Language:
Kriol
Parameter:
Alignment of case marking of personal pronouns
References
Hudson 1985: 43; Munro 2004: 123; Sandefur 1979: 83

Examples

  1. Wen wi bin langa Carlton, en Missis bin oldei givit mibala boksis.
    Wen
    when
    wi
    1pl.excl
    bin
    pst
    langa
    loc
    Carlton,
    Carlton
    en
    and
    Missis
    Missis
    bin
    pst
    oldei
    always
    giv-it
    give-tr
    mibala
    1pl.excl
    boks-is.
    box-pl
    When we were [working] on Carlton Station, and the Missus used to give us boxes. (with matches, to burn the grass)
  2. Olabat nomo sabi slip.
    Olabat
    3pl
    nomo
    neg
    sabi
    know
    slip.
    sleep
    They don't [know how to] sleep. (Referring to young people who are making noise in the night)
  3. Thei bin beltim im tharrei, thetlot kid.
    Thei
    3pl
    bin
    pst
    belt-im
    hit-tr
    im
    3sg
    tharrei,
    there
    thet-lot
    dem-pl
    kid.
    child
    They hit him over there, those kids (did).
  4. Bat sambala bin tok: "Yu labda kaman; woda gada gajimap wi." Gudjob thad olgumen bin lafta mub.
    Bat
    but
    sam-bala
    some-adj2
    bin
    pst
    tok:
    say
    "Yu
    2sg
    labda
    oblig
    kaman;
    come
    woda
    water
    gada
    fut/oblig
    gajimap
    reach:tr
    wi."
    1pl
    Gud-job
    good-job
    thad
    dem
    olgumen
    woman
    bin
    pst
    lafta
    oblig
    mub.
    move
    But some people said: "You have to come (because) the water is going to reach us." Just as well that woman had to move.

    See Angelo et al. 1998

  5. Yu kan tok la thislot medbaga.
    Yu
    2sg
    kan
    can.neg
    tok
    talk
    la
    loc
    this-lot
    prox-pl
    med-baga.
    mad-adj3
    You can’t talk to these mad ones (children).
  6. Wot abat yubala jiftim olabat dijlat pikanini?!
    Wot
    what
    abat
    about
    yubala
    2pl
    jift-im
    shift-tr
    olabat
    3pl
    dij-lat
    prox-pl
    pikanini?!
    child
    How about you lot move them, these children?!
  7. Yuno gulmarri im gotim thet nidel.
    Yuno
    you.know
    gulmarri
    pandanus
    im
    3sg
    got-im
    have-tr
    thet
    dem
    nidel.
    thorn/needle
    You know, the pandanus (leaves) have thorns.
  8. Then from theya ai bin go la wot this pleis.
    Then
    then
    from
    from
    theya
    there
    ai
    1sg
    bin
    pst
    go
    go
    la
    loc
    wot
    what
    this
    prox
    pleis.
    place
    Then from there I went to what’s this place.
  9. Mi olgaman na, yu nomo helb mi.
    Mi
    1sg
    olgaman
    old.woman
    na,
    now
    yu
    2sg
    nomo
    neg
    helb
    help
    mi.
    1sg
    I'm an old woman now, [and still] you don't help me.
  10. Ai bin telim yu thei bin fraiten.
    Ai
    1sg
    bin
    pst
    tel-im
    tell-tr
    yu
    2sg
    thei
    3pl
    bin
    pst
    fraiten.
    frightened
    I (just) told you, they were frightened.
  11. Yu teikim mindubala.
    Yu
    2sg
    teik-im
    take-tr
    mindubala.
    1du.excl
    You take the two of us.
  12. Mindubala bin laitim, kilim.
    Mindubala
    1du.excl
    bin
    pst
    lait-im,
    light-tr
    kil-im.
    kill-tr
    We two burned it (and thereby) killed it. (Referring to a centipede)
  13. Juwud [...] mibala kolim mangarra dijan, juwud.
    Juwud
    eye/seed
    [...]
    [...]
    mibala
    1pl.excl
    kol-im
    call-tr
    mangarra
    plant_food
    dijan,
    prox:adj
    juwud.
    eye/seed
    "Seed“ [...] we call this edible plant (part), "seed“.
  14. Thei bin oldei faindim, thet [...] goana, we imin oldei klaimap.
    Thei
    3pl
    bin
    pst
    oldei
    always
    faind-im,
    find-tr
    thet
    dem
    [...]
    [...]
    goana,
    goanna
    we
    subord
    im=in
    3sg=pst
    oldei
    always
    klaim-ap.
    climb-up
    They used to find the [...] goanna when it used to climb up. OR: They used to find any goanna that climbed up.
  15. Tubala kamin hiya we imin habim tubala marrug.
    Tubala
    two
    kam-in
    come-prog2
    hiya
    here
    we
    subord
    im=in
    3sg=pst
    hab-im
    have-tr
    tubala
    two
    marrug.
    hidden
    The two are coming here, the ones that he (a white man) had kept hidden away. (Context: a narrative about the escape of the speaker and her classificatory sister from a station where, as young girls, they were kept for domestic labour - quoting a familiy member when they reached their family living in the hill country.)
  16. Gunjumarra min bla mibala bos wanim tijing as yuno?
    Gunjumarra
    boss
    min
    means
    bla
    dat/poss
    mibala
    1pl.excl
    bos
    boss
    wan=im
    subord=3sg
    tij-ing
    teach-prog2
    as
    1pl.excl.obj
    yuno?
    you.know
    "Gunjumarra" means our boss who is teaching us, you know?
  17. Hau wi bin go? – Bas maidi.
    Hau
    how
    wi
    1pl.excl
    bin
    pst
    go?
    go
    –
    –
    Bas
    bus
    maidi.
    maybe
    How did we go? – Maybe (by) bus.

    See Angelo et al. 1998

  18. Dijan langa Leguna tubala bin tokin.
    Dijan
    prox:adj
    langa
    loc
    Leguna
    Legune
    tubala
    3du
    bin
    pst
    tok-in.
    talk-prog2
    It was at Legune that the two were talking.