In this feature (based on WALS feature 44, by Anna Siewierska), we look at gender distinctions in independent personal pronouns. Although most European languages (and others) display such gender distinctions, many APiCS languages lexically based on these languages do not, whether they are dependent (i.e. bound to the verb, as in Papiamentu Mi ta traha. ‘I am working’) or independent (i.e. potentially standing alone as, for instance, in elliptical answers; e.g. Papiamentu Ken ta traha? – Ami. ‘Who is working? – Me.’).
