Datapoint Sango/Distance contrasts in demonstratives

A distinction is made between 'here' and 'there' with respect to the location of the speaker, but so 'this' is a demonstrative and ka is an adverbial. One can say ye so 'this thing' but not *ye ka 'that thing.' For the latter one might have to say ye so ka 'that thing over there.' Despite this observation, one does get noun phrases like the one assumed above. See Examples 122 and 123. Samarin (1967a) has very little to say about ka.

In Example 122, although ka seems to be a constituent of a noun phrase, I'm not inclined to accept it as a demonstrative. One does not contrast melenge so 'this child' and *melenge ka 'that child.' For the latter I think that one would say melenge so ka. Compare with what one can say in Ngbandi: lo ka a-ga [3SG there PM-come] 'He's coming over there' (Lekens 1958: 310B).

Values

No distance contrast

Example 59-8:
melenge ti kozo wali ni so
melenge
child
ti
of
kozo
first
wali
woman
ni
det
so
dem
the child of this first wife
Example 59-122:
amelenge ni ka, ala ke na yoro alingbi ape
a-melenge
pl-child
ni
det
ka,
there
ala
3pl
ke
cop
na
prep
yoro
charm
a-lingbi
pm-be.equal
ape
neg
The kids over there, they have an awful lot of charms.

Source: Samarin 1967: 80

Example 59-123:
fade mo gwe na mbi ka
fade
immediately
mo
2sg
gwe
go
na
prep
mbi
1sg
ka
there
You'll go with me there.

Source: Samarin 1967: 241

Confidence:
Certain