Datapoint Papiamentu/Complementizer with verbs of knowing

Van Putte & Garcia (1990) assign sa 'know' to the class of verbs that allows both ku-introduced and null-introduced complements, while lubidá 'forget', like most psych-verbs, occurs only with ku-complements.
Kouwenberg & Lefebvre (2007) point out that ku introduces the complement clauses of propositional verbs; "verbs of knowing" are in this class.

Values

Complementizer not synchronically related to ‘say’ Frequency: 70.0%

Example 47-198:
Mi sa ku e ta keda insistí te ora ku mi bisa ‘si’.
Mi
1sg
sa
know
ku
comp
e
3sg
ta
tns
keda
remain
insistí
insist
te
until
ora
hour
ku
comp
mi
1sg
bisa
say
‘si’.
yes
I know that she will insist until I say 'yes'.

Source: nd: 16 July 2009, p.4

Example 47-199:
I no lubidá ku ‘junkfood’ ta mas barata tambe ku alimento salú.
I
and
no
neg
lubidá
forget
ku
comp
‘junkfood’
junkfood
ta
cop
mas
more
barata
cheap
tambe
also
ku
than
alimento
food.item
salú.
healthy
And don't forget that junkfood is also cheaper than healthy food.

Source: nd: 22 June 2009, p.7

Confidence:
Very certain

No complementizer Frequency: 30.0%

Example 47-197:
Mi sa kuantu esfuerso i sodó tin tras di un sombré outéntiko di Panamá.
Mi
1sg
sa
know
kuantu
how.much
esfuerso
effort
i
and
sodó
sweat
tin
have
tras
behind
di
of
un
indf
sombré
hat
outéntiko
authentic
di
of
Panamá.
Panama
I know how much effort and sweat goes into an authentic Panama hat.

Source: nd: 16 July 2009,p.4

Confidence:
Very certain