Datapoint Ternate Chabacano/Definite articles

Both el and kel are used as definite articles in Ternate Chabacano, but only kel has a demonstrative function.

Note that Steinkrüger (2007: 369) considers késte as the only demostrative in Ternate Chabacano.

Values

Definite article identical to a demonstrative

Example 44-43:
quel manga hombre
quel
det
manga
pl
hombre
man
the men

Source: Nigoza 2007: 29

Example 44-56:
Kel péhro a-murdé kung kel muhér.
Kel
det
péhro
dog
a-murdé
pfv-bite
kung
obj
kel
det
muhér.
woman
The dog bit the woman.
Spanish: El perro mordió a la mujer.

Source: Steinkrüger 2007: 371

Example 44-57:
Mútʃo péhru, kel el kompanyéru de mi na kasa.
Mútʃo
many
péhru,
dog
kel
dem
el
def
kompanyéru
companion
de
of
mi
1sg.poss
na
loc
kasa.
house
Many dogs, they are my companions at home.
Example 44-58:
A mirá rin mánang Lóling kon kel ómbri.
A
pfv
mirá
see
rin
also
mánang
sister
Lóling
Loling
kon
obj
kel
def
ómbri.
man
Loling too saw that man.
Confidence:
Certain