Uncertain as to whether there really is language abandonment by native speakers or their children, but Afrikaans is certainly used less after 1994 than before in public context, public bodies, on television, on public signs, in commerce, industry and advertising etc. (Louw 2004: 45-47). Use of Afrikaans as a second language has diminished as a consequence. Louw also mentions pressures from the government to abandon Afrikaans as a medium of instruction in schools, colleges, universities.