Datapoint Kriol/Person syncretism in independent personal pronouns

Three persons are distinguished in singular, dual and plural in all varieties. Exclusive and inclusive forms of dual and plural 1st person pronouns are also distinguished, although some overlap can be observed here (see Feature 15 "Inclusive/Exclusive Distinction in Independent Personal Pronouns"), making this the only case syncretism (in tendency only) in the paradigm. The examples provided here come from the Victoria River variety.

Values

No person syncretism

Example 25-23:
Yu nomo washim bla mi kloth.
Yu
2sg
nomo
neg
wash-im
wash-tr
bla
dat/poss
mi
1sg
kloth.
clothes
You never wash my clothes for me. (uttered as a complaint)
Example 25-24:
Dei bin ol luginat la im.
Dei
3pl
bin
pst
ol
all
lug-in-at
look-prog-at
la
loc
im.
3sg
They all looked at him.

Source: Sandefur and Sandefur 1982: 61

Example 25-34:
Juwud [...] mibala kolim mangarra dijan, juwud.
Juwud
eye/seed
[...]
[...]
mibala
1pl.excl
kol-im
call-tr
mangarra
plant_food
dijan,
prox:adj
juwud.
eye/seed
"Seed“ [...] we call this edible plant (part), "seed“.
Example 25-49:
Thei bin oldei faindim, thet [...] goana, we imin oldei klaimap.
Thei
3pl
bin
pst
oldei
always
faind-im,
find-tr
thet
dem
[...]
[...]
goana,
goanna
we
subord
im=in
3sg=pst
oldei
always
klaim-ap.
climb-up
They used to find the [...] goanna when it used to climb up. OR: They used to find any goanna that climbed up.
Example 25-76:
Jamtaim wi tok lengguij jirrama.
Jamtaim
sometimes
wi
1pl.excl
tok
speak
lengguij
language
jirrama.
two
Sometimes we speak two languages.
Example 25-96:
Mindubala Namij kolim dardaga.
Mindubala
1du.excl
Namij
Namij
kol-im
call-tr
dardaga.
plant.species
Namij and I (in our language, Ngarinyman) call it dardaga (an edible plant).
Example 25-97:
Yundubala goawei!
Yundubala
2du
go-awei!
go-away
You two go away!
Example 25-104:
Yunmi labda go bek la im.
Yunmi
1du.incl
labda
oblig
go
go
bek
back
la
loc
im.
3sg
You and I should go back to/for her.
Example 25-107:
Wel imin git kwait na.
Wel
well
im=in
3sg=pst
git
get
kwait
quiet
na.
now
Well, he became quiet then.

Source: Sandefur and Sandefur 1982: 65

Example 25-108:
Ai nomo bin jabi yu bin go, Nangari.
Ai
1sg
nomo
neg
bin
pst
jabi
know
yu
2sg
bin
pst
go,
go
Nangari.
Nangari
I didn’t know that you went away, Nangari.
Example 25-109:
Im rait la yubala, not langa mi.
Im
3sg
rait
right
la
loc
yubala,
2pl
not
neg
langa
loc
mi.
1sg.obl
It maybe all right for you (PL), but not for me. (Referring to sitting in the cold)
Example 25-110:
Tubala bait wan anatha.
Tubala
3du
bait
bite
wan
one
anatha.
another.
The two (dogs) bite each other.
Example 25-111:
Olabat nomo sabi slip.
Olabat
3pl
nomo
neg
sabi
know
slip.
sleep
They don't [know how to] sleep. (Referring to young people who are making noise in the night)
Confidence:
Very certain