Datapoint Bislama/Occurrence of nominal plural markers

It is increasingly possible to hear tokens of N + -s in spoken Bislama. I think this is still an index of contact with and proficiency in English but is clearly a change worth observing in the next decade or so.

Values

Invariant plural marking

Example 23-5:
Ol man Saot oli klapem han mo prudprud long leg wetem singsing blong danis.
Ol
pl
man
man
Saot
south
oli
agr
klapem
clap
han
hand
mo
and
prud~prud
red.stamp
long
prep
leg
leg
wetem
with
singsing
song
blong
poss
danis.
dance
Southern people clap their hand and stamp their feet in time with the dance's song.

Source: Meyerhoff 1998

Example 23-48:
ol haos oli fasfas tumas
ol
pl
haos
house
oli
agr
fasfas
fast
tumas
very
The houses are crowded together.

Source: Meyerhoff 2003: 235

Confidence:
Very certain