Datapoint Tok Pisin/Order of demonstrative and noun

The clearest example of a demonstrative is prenominal dispela, often reduced to displa or most commonly, disla. Postnominal ia is generally considered to be a focus or emphatic marker, but Smith (2002: 155–156) observes that in his data, it most often has an anaphoric function. It can also be used to direct the hearer's attention to a referent in the environment.

Values

Demonstrative word precedes noun Frequency: 75.0%

Example 22-17:
Displa stori em kam long ples blo mama blo mi.
Displa
this
stori
story
em
3sg
kam
come
long
from
ples
village
blo
poss
mama
mother
blo
poss
mi.
1sg
This story comes from my mother's village.

Source: Smith 2002: 217

Confidence:
Very certain

Demonstrative word follows noun Frequency: 25.0%

Example 22-15:
Pikinini ia i bikpela liklik nau.
Pikinini
child
ia
foc
i
pm
bik-pela
big-mod
liklik
small
nau.
now
The child was quite big now.

Source: nd: WNB M12

Example 22-16:
Em i lukim wanpla lapun man em stap tasol na lo arere lo faia [...] na lapun man ia kirap na tok [...].
Em
3sg
i
pm
lukim
see
wanpla
one
lapun
old
man
man
em
3sg
stap
stay
tasol
only
na
and
lo
prep
arere
beside
lo
prep
faia
fire
[...]
[...]
na
and
lapun
old
man
man
ia
foc
kirap
start
na
and
tok
talk
[...].
[...]
He saw an old man alone beside the fire [...] and the old man (already mentioned) said [...].

Source: Smith 2002: 154

Confidence:
Intermediate