Datapoint Nicaraguan Creole English/Complementizer with verbs of knowing

Se is the original complementizer for verbs of knowing. Again, it is difficult to estimate relative frequencies.

Values

Complementizer identical to bare ‘say’ Frequency: 45.5%

Example 11-296:
Ai doun waa dem nou se Ai tiif di ring.
Ai
1sg
doun
neg
waa
want
dem
3pl
nou
know
se
comp
Ai
1sg
tiif
steal
di
art.def
ring.
ring
I don’t want them to know I stole the ring.

Source: nd

Confidence:
Very certain

No complementizer Frequency: 27.3%

Example 11-297:
Yu nuo A had tortiin.
Yu
2sg
nuo
know
A
1sg
had
have.pst
tortiin.
thirteen
You know I had thirteen.

Source: nd

Confidence:
Very certain

Complementizer not synchronically related to ‘say’ Frequency: 27.3%

Example 11-298:
Yu wud nuo dat Kriol iz laik dis.
Yu
2sg
wud
would
nuo
know
dat
comp
Kriol
Creole
iz
cop.prs
laik
like
dis.
dem
You would know that Creole is like this.

Source: nd

Confidence:
Very certain