Datapoint San Andres Creole English/Tone

On the grammatical and pragmatic level, the tonal opposition affects very few minimal pairs. Besides 'can' - 'cannot', the low-high opposition affects for instance non-emphatic vs. emphatic negation (I qualify this latter opposition as pragmatic). There are also lexical pairs which are distinguished by tone only.

Values

Reduced tone system

Example 10-278:
kyàn
kyàn
can
can
Example 10-279:
kyáán
kyáán
can.neg
cannot
Example 10-280:
huól
huól
hold
hold
Example 10-281:
huòl
huòl
whole
whole
Example 10-282:
no
no
neg
no
Example 10-283:
noo
noo
neg.emph
no!
Confidence:
Very certain