Value Definite article identical to a demonstrative

Language:
Kriol
Parameter:
Definite articles
References
Nicholls 2011

Examples

  1. Ai bin faindim det kap bla det wumun.
    Ai
    1sg
    bin
    pst
    faind-im
    find-tr
    det
    dem
    kap
    cup
    bla
    dat/poss
    det
    dem
    wumun.
    woman
    I found the woman's cup.

    See Hudson 1985: 71

  2. Im lib la keib, det larrpburniny.
    M
    3sg
    lib
    live
    la
    loc
    keib,
    cave
    det
    dem
    larrpburniny.
    wallaby
    It lives in caves, the wallaby.

    See Nicholls 2006: 7

  3. Im smelim thet bif.
    Im
    3sg
    smel-im
    smell-tr
    thet
    dem
    bif.
    meat/beef
    He smells the meat.
  4. Dijan iya im mukarra tri. Thad lif pat bla mukarra, im gudwan bla so.
    Dijan
    prox:adj
    iya
    here
    im
    3sg
    mukarra
    river.pandanus
    tri.
    tree
    Thad
    dem
    lif
    leaf
    pat
    part
    bla
    dat/poss
    mukarra,
    river.pandanus
    im
    3sg
    gud-wan
    good-adj
    bla
    dat/poss
    so.
    sore
    This here is a river pandanus. The leaf of the river pandanus is good for sores.

    See Daniels et al. 2001

  5. Wal jad lilboi imin reken frog bin likimbat feis en pulumbat heya.
    Wal
    well
    jad
    dem
    lilboi
    little.boy
    im=in
    3sg=pst
    reken
    think/say
    frog
    frog
    bin
    pst
    lik-im-bat
    lick-tr-prog
    feis
    face
    en
    and
    pul-um-bat
    pull-tr-prog
    heya.
    hair
    Well that little boy said/thought that the frog licked his face and pulled his hair.

    See Galmurr and Willika 1996

  6. Thet min imin goap mo haya.
    Thet
    dem
    min
    mean
    im=in
    3sg=pst
    goap
    go.up
    mo
    more
    haya.
    higher
    That means he climbed up higher.
  7. Imin oldei telim mi “givit bek langa im thet taka blanga im, yu bin takat naf, givit bek la thet beibi".
    Im=in
    3sg=pst
    oldei
    always
    tel-im
    tell-tr
    mi
    1sg
    “giv-it
    give-tr
    bek
    back
    langa
    loc
    im
    3sg
    thet
    dem
    taka
    tucker
    blanga
    dat/poss
    im,
    3sg
    yu
    2sg
    bin
    pst
    takat
    eat
    naf,
    enough
    giv-it
    give-tr
    bek
    back
    la
    loc
    thet
    dem
    beibi".
    baby
    She used to say to me "give it back to her, that food of hers, you have eaten enough, give it back to the baby".
  8. Imin givit thet K. langa mai bratha.
    Im=in
    3sg=pst
    giv-it
    give-tr
    thet
    dem
    K.
    K.
    langa
    loc
    mai
    1sg.poss
    bratha.
    brother
    He gave K. to my brother (in marriage).

    See nd

  9. Dijan longtaim la fam en wi bin abum ol fam dea langa lolebul. Dijan la Katharrain en mai fatha yusta wek dea blanga dat men. Imin - dat men imin neim ol Jim.
    Dijan
    prox:adj
    longtaim
    long.ago
    la
    loc
    fam
    farm
    en
    and
    wi
    1sg
    bin
    pst
    ab-um
    have-tr
    ol
    old
    fam
    farm
    dea
    there
    langa
    loc
    lolebul.
    Low.Level
    Dijan
    prox:adj
    la
    loc
    Katharrain
    Katherine
    en
    and
    mai
    1sg.poss
    fatha
    father
    yusta
    hab
    wek
    work
    dea
    there
    blanga
    dat/poss
    dat
    dem
    men.
    man
    Im=in
    3sg=pst
    -
     
    dat
    dem
    men
    man
    im=in
    3sg=pst
    neim
    name
    ol
    old
    Jim.
    Jim
    This was long ago on a farm and we had an old farm there at Low Level (Crossing). This was in Katherine, and my father used to work there for that man. He- that man, his name was Old Jim. OR: This happened a long time ago on a farm. There was this old farm at the Low Level at Katherine and my father used to work there for a man named Jim. (Orig. Transl.)

    See Sandefur and Sandefur 1982: 65

  10. Mi thad fes pesin bin gaji fish ba alabat.
    Mi
    1sg
    thad
    eq.cop
    fes
    first
    pesin
    person
    bin
    pst
    gaji
    get:tr
    fish
    fish
    ba
    dat/poss
    alabat.
    3pl
    I was the first person who caught a fish for everyone.

    See Angelo et al. 1998

  11. Thet kenggaru bin toktok.
    Thet
    dem
    kenggaru
    kangaroo
    bin
    pst
    tok~tok.
    red.talk
    The kangaroo was talking.
  12. Tubala olmen bin lisen langa tubala na.
    Tubala
    two
    olmen
    men
    bin
    pst
    lisen
    listen
    langa
    loc
    tubala
    3du
    na.
    now
    The two men listened to the two (kangaroos) then.
  13. Det R. en J., yu sabe dubala?
    Det
    dem
    R.
    R.
    en
    and
    J.,
    J.
    yu
    2sg
    sabe
    know
    dubala?
    3du
    R. and J., do you know the two?

    See Nicholls 2006: 3

  14. Gardiya bin oldei ringim thet bel.
    Gardiya
    white.person
    bin
    pst
    oldei
    always/hab
    ring-im
    ring-tr
    thet
    dem
    bel.
    bell
    A white person used to ring a bell every day. (context: work on the cattle stations, when speaker was young).
  15. Thet the mindubala lengwij na wi toking la yu dijey taka.
    Thet
    dem
    the
    eq.cop
    mindubala
    1du.excl
    lengwij
    language
    na
    now
    wi
    1pl
    tok-ing
    talk-prog2
    la
    loc
    yu
    2sg
    dij-ey
    prox-way
    taka.
    plant.food
    It's OUR language that we're speaking to you [when giving you the word for] this edible plant.