Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures Online
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Example 60-151
a
défís
ákí yó yangó ko
défis
a, akabélákí yó té
a-défís-ákí
3sg
-lend-
pst
yó
2sg
yangó
3sg
.
inan
ko-défis-a,
inf
-lend-
fv
a-kabél-ákí
3sg
-offer-
pst
yó
2sg
té
neg
She LENT it to you, she didn't GIVE it.
Comment:
Capitalized words indicate stress. FV = Final vowel; it has no specific grammatical meaning, but ensures the phonologically canonical consonant-vowel structure on forms such as the infinitive, the subjunctive and the future.
Type:
elicited from speaker
Source:
nd
Language:
Lingala
by
Michael Meeuwis
cite
Datapoints:
Verb doubling and focus: Verb fronted with a copy in the background clause
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