{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "Predicative locative phrases", "domain": [{"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "75-1", "name": "Invariant copula"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "75-2", "name": "No copula"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula"}]}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "1-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 98, "valueset_pk": 75, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 75, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "1-75", "description": "Normally there is a copula, de (< English there) (cf. Value 1). However, in interrogative clauses involving a predicative locative phrase, de is often not present. Such copula-less interrogatives are found in various sources.\n\nThe copula de does not appear before the adverb dya 'there', a fusion of de (< English there) and ya 'here'. \nNepveu (1770) and Weygandt (1798) occasionally use dya as a copula followed by a locative phrase (ignored with respect to Feature 76 \"Predicative noun phrases and predicative locative phrases\")\n\n(Note that Modern Sranan is classified as value 1, although in fact the conditions for non-use of the copula may be similar.)", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 1, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 1, "source": null}}], "label": "Early Sranan", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 1, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "1", "name": "Early Sranan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.833333, "longitude": -55.6}, "name": "Early Sranan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-55.6, 5.833333]}, "id": "1"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "9-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2291, "valueset_pk": 2074, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2074, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "9-75", "description": "There is a special locative copula de [COP.LOC] probably derived from 'there'.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 76, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 76, "source": null}}], "label": "Belizean Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 76, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 75, "jsondata": {}, "id": "9", "name": "Belizean Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 17.533333, "longitude": -88.25}, "name": "Belizean Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-88.25, 17.533333]}, "id": "9"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "13-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3380, "valueset_pk": 3084, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 3084, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "13-75", "description": "The frequency distributions of third person singular variants before locative in the Gullah data reported in Weldon (2003: 182) is 6/12 (50%) with a copula and 6/12 (50%) without a copula.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 5, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 5, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Gullah", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 5, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 5, "jsondata": {}, "id": "13", "name": "Gullah", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 31.0, "longitude": -81.5}, "name": "Gullah"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-81.5, 31.0]}, "id": "13"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "53-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14228, "valueset_pk": 13085, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13085, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "53-75", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 49, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 49, "source": null}}], "label": "Louisiana Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 49, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 48, "jsondata": {}, "id": "53", "name": "Louisiana Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 30.166668, "longitude": -91.833336}, "name": "Louisiana Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-91.833336, 30.166668]}, "id": "53"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "65-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17451, "valueset_pk": 16104, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16104, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "65-75", "description": "There are few examples of the absence of the copula or another verb in predicative locative phrases; the usual strategy would be to use a verb such as sidi 'to be sitting', xodi 'to walk'.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 62, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 62, "source": "Own data"}}], "label": "Chinese Pidgin Russian", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 62, "region": "East Asia", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 61, "jsondata": {}, "id": "65", "name": "Chinese Pidgin Russian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.0, "longitude": 134.0}, "name": "Chinese Pidgin Russian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [134.0, 48.0]}, "id": "65"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "71-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 18969, "valueset_pk": 17547, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17547, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "71-75", "description": "Locative clauses without an overt copula account for the majority of cases, whereas clauses with noho for locative are in the minority.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 69, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 69, "source": "Own data"}}], "label": "Pidgin Hawaiian", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 69, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 68, "jsondata": {}, "id": "71", "name": "Pidgin Hawaiian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 19.8, "longitude": -156.85}, "name": "Pidgin Hawaiian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-156.85, 19.8]}, "id": "71"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "73-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19500, "valueset_pk": 18044, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18044, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "73-75", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 71, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 71, "source": null}}], "label": "Media Lengua", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 71, "region": "South America", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 70, "jsondata": {}, "id": "73", "name": "Media Lengua", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -1.816667, "longitude": -78.199997}, "name": "Media Lengua"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-78.199997, -1.816667]}, "id": "73"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "5-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 1194, "valueset_pk": 1070, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 1070, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "5-75", "description": "The difference between the presence and absence of the locational verb de in these constructions is determined by whether the intent is to give locational information in an answer to the question, 'Where is/can I find X?' However, when the intent is to give generalized information about X, which just happens to be locational, the zero form is employed.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 45, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 45, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Creolese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 45, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 44, "jsondata": {}, "id": "5", "name": "Creolese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 6.8, "longitude": -58.166668}, "name": "Creolese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-58.166668, 6.8]}, "id": "5"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "7-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 1740, "valueset_pk": 1569, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 1569, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "7-75", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 67, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 67, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Vincentian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 67, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 66, "jsondata": {}, "id": "7", "name": "Vincentian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 13.133333, "longitude": -61.216667}, "name": "Vincentian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-61.216667, 13.133333]}, "id": "7"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "8-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2016, "valueset_pk": 1821, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 1821, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "8-75", "description": "The variation appears to be due to the nature of the prepositions. Prepositions which deal with location tend to be verby in character. Owing to this verb-like nature, they can act as predicators in the clause. As further evidence, these prepositions can be preceded directly by tense and modal markers:\n\nYu shuda ina di hous.\n2SG should in DET house\n'You should have been in the house.'\n\nDem wehn ina di bos.\n3PL ANT in DET bus\n'They were in the bus.'", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 75, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 75, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Jamaican", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 75, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 74, "jsondata": {}, "id": "8", "name": "Jamaican", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 18.0, "longitude": -77.5}, "name": "Jamaican"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-77.5, 18.0]}, "id": "8"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "10-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2562, "valueset_pk": 2326, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2326, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "10-75", "description": "Sentences with a copula are more frequent than sentences without. It seems that the decisive factor which makes the use of the copula obligatory in some sentences and optional in others is sentence rhythm.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 2, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 2, "source": null}}], "label": "San Andres Creole English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 2, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "10", "name": "San Andres Creole English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 13.35, "longitude": -81.366669}, "name": "San Andres Creole English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-81.366669, 13.35]}, "id": "10"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "11-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2825, "valueset_pk": 2578, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2578, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "11-75", "description": "Constructions with English-derived copulas appear to be ousting both constructions without any copula and with the locative copula de.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 3, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 3, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Nicaraguan Creole English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 3, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "11", "name": "Nicaraguan Creole English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 12.0, "longitude": -83.75}, "name": "Nicaraguan Creole English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-83.75, 12.0]}, "id": "11"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "12-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3099, "valueset_pk": 2830, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2830, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "12-75", "description": "Copula occurrence is variable with predicative locative phrases. In general, the form of choice is is, with am and are seldom appearing. Shilling (1978: 59) indicates, however, that \"more important in +LOC environment than the few examples of is are substantial numbers of sentences with de, be, does ... be, and, in the past, bin.\" De, however, is exclusively basilectal and occurs mostly on the so-called Out Islands rather than in Nassau (cf. Shilling 1978: 60); even in the basilect, however, its frequency is low, and speakers \"far more frequently have zero + LOC\". For other conditioning factors, cf. Feature 74 \"Predicative adjectives\".", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 4, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 4, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Bahamian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 4, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "12", "name": "Bahamian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 25.053879, "longitude": -77.33963}, "name": "Bahamian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-77.33963, 25.053879]}, "id": "12"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "14-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3648, "valueset_pk": 3336, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 3336, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "14-75", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 6, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 6, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "African American English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 6, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 6, "jsondata": {}, "id": "14", "name": "African American English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 37.282795, "longitude": -85.12207}, "name": "African American English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-85.12207, 37.282795]}, "id": "14"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "21-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 5561, "valueset_pk": 5080, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 5080, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "21-75", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 14, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 14, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Singlish", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 14, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": null, "jsondata": {}, "id": "21", "name": "Singlish", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 1.33, "longitude": 101.7}, "name": "Singlish"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [101.7, 1.33]}, "id": "21"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "27-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7170, "valueset_pk": 6571, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6571, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "27-75", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 20, "source": null}}], "label": "Negerhollands", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 20, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 19, "jsondata": {}, "id": "27", "name": "Negerhollands", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 18.333332, "longitude": -64.75}, "name": "Negerhollands"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-64.75, 18.333332]}, "id": "27"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "37-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 9946, "valueset_pk": 9109, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 9109, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "37-75", "description": "The locative copula is obligatory in all cases except if the predicator is a prepositional phrase headed by na 'in, etc.', as in Example 126. Notice, however, that some native speakers do not accept sentences like the one in Example 126. They would prefer Sun ar\u00ea ki san ranha sa ud\u00eantu palaxu. 'The king and the queen were in the palace.'", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 31, "source": null}}], "label": "Principense", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 31, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 30, "jsondata": {}, "id": "37", "name": "Principense", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 1.616667, "longitude": 7.366667}, "name": "Principense"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [7.366667, 1.616667]}, "id": "37"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "46-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12307, "valueset_pk": 11308, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11308, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "46-75", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 41, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 41, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Zamboanga Chabacano", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 41, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 40, "jsondata": {}, "id": "46", "name": "Zamboanga Chabacano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 7.0, "longitude": 122.083336}, "name": "Zamboanga Chabacano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [122.083336, 7.0]}, "id": "46"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "59-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 15847, "valueset_pk": 14601, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 14601, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "59-75", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 55, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 55, "source": null}}], "label": "Sango", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 55, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 54, "jsondata": {}, "id": "59", "name": "Sango", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.0, "longitude": 18.0}, "name": "Sango"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.0, 5.0]}, "id": "59"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "63-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16913, "valueset_pk": 15604, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15604, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "63-75", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 60, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 60, "source": null}}], "label": "Kinubi", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 60, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Arabic", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 59, "jsondata": {}, "id": "63", "name": "Kinubi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 0.666667, "longitude": 32.083332}, "name": "Kinubi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [32.083332, 0.666667]}, "id": "63"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "72-75-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19242, "valueset_pk": 17797, "domainelement_pk": 1276, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1276, "jsondata": {"color": "FFB6C1"}, "id": "75-3", "name": "Variable copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 310, "number": 3, "abbr": "Variable copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17797, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFB6C1.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "72-75", "description": "Predicative locative phrases\nconsist of (i) a subject noun and locative case-marked nominal with an intervening coreferential pronoun, or (ii) a subject noun and locative case-marked nominal with an intervening coreferential pronoun and a copula verb top.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 70, "parameter_pk": 310, "contribution_pk": 70, "source": null}}], "label": "Gurindji Kriol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 70, "region": "Australia", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 69, "jsondata": {}, "id": "72", "name": "Gurindji Kriol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -17.450001, "longitude": 130.983337}, "name": "Gurindji Kriol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [130.983337, -17.450001]}, "id": "72"}]}