{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "Predicative noun phrases", "domain": [{"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "73-3", "name": "Variable copula"}]}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "25-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6643, "valueset_pk": 6075, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6075, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "25-73", "description": "Predicative noun phrases occur without a copula in present tense. They do combine with the marker bin in past tense, but despite its origin in English been this is regarded as a TAM auxiliary, not a copula, here. \nAccording to Sandefur (1979: 123), the copula bi occurs in the future tense, but examples of this type are not attested in any other available data. (Cf. also Hudson 1985: 90, who however regards bi as an acrolectal feature). Disregarding this claim, Value 2 has been chosen (and one of Sandefur's examples included).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 18, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 18, "source": "Fieldwork Schultze-Berndt"}}], "label": "Kriol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 18, "region": "Australia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 17, "jsondata": {}, "id": "25", "name": "Kriol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -14.833333, "longitude": 135.0}, "name": "Kriol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [135.0, -14.833333]}, "id": "25"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "57-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 15329, "valueset_pk": 14099, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 14099, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "57-73", "description": "The subject index (SI) le occurs in this environment, which according to the APiCS definition is not regarded as a copula because it is also obligatory in verbal clauses.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 53, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 53, "source": "own knowledge Ehrhart"}}], "label": "Tayo", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 53, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 52, "jsondata": {}, "id": "57", "name": "Tayo", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -22.0, "longitude": 166.333328}, "name": "Tayo"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [166.333328, -22.0]}, "id": "57"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "61-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16392, "valueset_pk": 15105, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15105, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "61-73", "description": "There is only a locative copula in the pidgin.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 58, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 58, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Fanakalo", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 58, "region": "Southern Africa", "lexifier": "Bantu", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 57, "jsondata": {}, "id": "61", "name": "Fanakalo", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.532656, "longitude": 30.855103}, "name": "Fanakalo"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [30.855103, -28.532656]}, "id": "61"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "65-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17449, "valueset_pk": 16102, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16102, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "65-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 62, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 62, "source": "Own data"}}], "label": "Chinese Pidgin Russian", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 62, "region": "East Asia", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 61, "jsondata": {}, "id": "65", "name": "Chinese Pidgin Russian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.0, "longitude": 134.0}, "name": "Chinese Pidgin Russian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [134.0, 48.0]}, "id": "65"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "71-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 18967, "valueset_pk": 17545, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17545, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "71-73", "description": "In the lexifier, predicative noun phrases are formed with he (analyzed by some as an indefinite article and by others as a copula), but this grammatical item was generally absent in Pidgin Hawaiian. A minority of texts do contain he, but not necessarily with class-inclusion sentences.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 69, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 69, "source": "Own data"}}], "label": "Pidgin Hawaiian", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 69, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 68, "jsondata": {}, "id": "71", "name": "Pidgin Hawaiian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 19.8, "longitude": -156.85}, "name": "Pidgin Hawaiian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-156.85, 19.8]}, "id": "71"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "41-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 11020, "valueset_pk": 10110, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10110, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "41-73", "description": "The unmarked construction does not use a copula. However, very rarely a copula is found and may represent the retention of an archaic construction.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 36, "source": null}}], "label": "Sri Lanka Portuguese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 36, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 35, "jsondata": {}, "id": "41", "name": "Sri Lanka Portuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 8.5, "longitude": 81.686096}, "name": "Sri Lanka Portuguese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [81.686096, 8.5]}, "id": "41"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "76-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 20293, "valueset_pk": 18778, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18778, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "76-73", "description": "No copula was attested. Under juxtaposition the final noun can get a predicative interpretation.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 74, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 74, "source": null}}], "label": "Eskimo Pidgin", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 74, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 73, "jsondata": {}, "id": "76", "name": "Eskimo Pidgin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 70.110481, "longitude": -152.006836}, "name": "Eskimo Pidgin"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-152.006836, 70.110481]}, "id": "76"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "22-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 5832, "valueset_pk": 5330, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 5330, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "22-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 15, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 15, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Tok Pisin", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 15, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 14, "jsondata": {}, "id": "22", "name": "Tok Pisin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -9.5, "longitude": 147.166672}, "name": "Tok Pisin"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [147.166672, -9.5]}, "id": "22"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "26-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6905, "valueset_pk": 6323, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6323, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "26-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 19, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Hawai\u2018i Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 19, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 18, "jsondata": {}, "id": "26", "name": "Hawai\u2018i Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 21.5, "longitude": -158.0}, "name": "Hawai\u2018i Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-158.0, 21.5]}, "id": "26"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "42-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 11287, "valueset_pk": 10357, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10357, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "42-73", "description": "There is a very limited optional copular use of teng with predicative noun phrases:\nbos teng yo sa mai [3SG have 1SG GEN mother] \u2018You are my mother.\u2019", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 37, "source": null}}], "label": "Papi\u00e1 Kristang", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 37, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 36, "jsondata": {}, "id": "42", "name": "Papi\u00e1 Kristang", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 2.225545, "longitude": 102.251129}, "name": "Papi\u00e1 Kristang"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [102.251129, 2.225545]}, "id": "42"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "44-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 11767, "valueset_pk": 10803, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10803, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "44-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 39, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 39, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Ternate Chabacano", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 39, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 38, "jsondata": {}, "id": "44", "name": "Ternate Chabacano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 13.269707, "longitude": 120.675201}, "name": "Ternate Chabacano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [120.675201, 13.269707]}, "id": "44"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "45-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12036, "valueset_pk": 11054, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11054, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "45-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 40, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 40, "source": null}}], "label": "Cavite Chabacano", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 40, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 39, "jsondata": {}, "id": "45", "name": "Cavite Chabacano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 14.7, "longitude": 120.9}, "name": "Cavite Chabacano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [120.9, 14.7]}, "id": "45"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "46-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12305, "valueset_pk": 11306, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11306, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "46-73", "description": "Most frequently, a zero-copula is used. A predicative copula exclusively occurs in the past (est\u00e1ba). Am\u00f3 is used as a focused or/and emphatic copula and it is borrowed from a Philippinic language where it functions as a focus particle (cf. Aoto 2002).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 41, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 41, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Zamboanga Chabacano", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 41, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 40, "jsondata": {}, "id": "46", "name": "Zamboanga Chabacano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 7.0, "longitude": 122.083336}, "name": "Zamboanga Chabacano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [122.083336, 7.0]}, "id": "46"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "50-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 13406, "valueset_pk": 12319, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 12319, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "50-73", "description": "In a variety that would probably be considered as acrolectal creole, it is quite usual to find a copula:\nJak s\u00e9 on dokt\u00e8.\n[Jack COP INDF doctor]\n'Jack is a doctor.'\n\nThere also exists a different structure with a contrastive focus on the noun, as in:\nS\u00e9 dokt\u00e8 i y\u00e9. [COP doctor 3SG be]\n'He (really) is a doctor (... not a singer).'", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 46, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 46, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Guadeloupean Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 46, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 45, "jsondata": {}, "id": "50", "name": "Guadeloupean Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 15.933333, "longitude": -61.266666}, "name": "Guadeloupean Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-61.266666, 15.933333]}, "id": "50"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "51-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 13687, "valueset_pk": 12575, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 12575, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "51-73", "description": "In a variety that would probably be considered as acrolectal creole, it is quite usual to find a copula:\nJak s\u00e9 an dokt\u00e8.\n[Jack COP INDF doctor]\n'Jak is a doctor.'\n\nThere also exists a different structure with a focus on the noun, as in:\nS\u00e9 dokt\u00e8 i y\u00e9.\n[COP doctor 3SG be]\n'He (really) is a doctor (...not a singer).'", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 47, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 47, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Martinican Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 47, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 46, "jsondata": {}, "id": "51", "name": "Martinican Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 14.633333, "longitude": -60.983334}, "name": "Martinican Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-60.983334, 14.633333]}, "id": "51"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "55-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14779, "valueset_pk": 13591, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13591, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "55-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 51, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 51, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Mauritian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 51, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 50, "jsondata": {}, "id": "55", "name": "Mauritian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -20.0, "longitude": 58.0}, "name": "Mauritian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [58.0, -20.0]}, "id": "55"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "56-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 15059, "valueset_pk": 13847, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13847, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "56-73", "description": "The Seychelles Creole predicate marker\u201di (as in David i etidyan [David pm student] \u2018David is a student\u2019) is not a copula, because it is also obligatory in verbal clauses (David i vini \u2018David comes\u2019).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 52, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 52, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Seychelles Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 52, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 51, "jsondata": {}, "id": "56", "name": "Seychelles Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -4.75, "longitude": 55.5}, "name": "Seychelles Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [55.5, -4.75]}, "id": "56"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "64-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17182, "valueset_pk": 15855, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15855, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "64-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 61, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 61, "source": null}}], "label": "Juba Arabic", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 61, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Arabic", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 60, "jsondata": {}, "id": "64", "name": "Juba Arabic", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 4.266667, "longitude": 31.016666}, "name": "Juba Arabic"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [31.016666, 4.266667]}, "id": "64"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "66-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17701, "valueset_pk": 16342, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16342, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "66-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 63, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 63, "source": "M.T.M. Rihan, p.c."}}], "label": "Sri Lankan Malay", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 63, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Malay", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 62, "jsondata": {}, "id": "66", "name": "Sri Lankan Malay", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 7.0, "longitude": 81.25}, "name": "Sri Lankan Malay"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [81.25, 7.0]}, "id": "66"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "67-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17969, "valueset_pk": 16593, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16593, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "67-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 64, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 64, "source": null}}], "label": "Singapore Bazaar Malay", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 64, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Malay", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 63, "jsondata": {}, "id": "67", "name": "Singapore Bazaar Malay", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 1.329226, "longitude": 104.9}, "name": "Singapore Bazaar Malay"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [104.9, 1.329226]}, "id": "67"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "68-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 18231, "valueset_pk": 16843, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16843, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "68-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 65, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 65, "source": null}}], "label": "Ambon Malay", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 65, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Malay", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 64, "jsondata": {}, "id": "68", "name": "Ambon Malay", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -3.7, "longitude": 128.149994}, "name": "Ambon Malay"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [128.149994, -3.7]}, "id": "68"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "74-73-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19747, "valueset_pk": 18287, "domainelement_pk": 1269, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1269, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 2, "abbr": "No copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18287, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "74-73", "description": "Predicative noun phrases occur with 3SG/PL resumptive pronoun marking. This resumptive pronoun does not count as a copula because it also occurs with verbs.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 72, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 72, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Chinuk Wawa", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 72, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 71, "jsondata": {}, "id": "74", "name": "Chinuk Wawa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 53.700001, "longitude": -127.73333}, "name": "Chinuk Wawa"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-127.73333, 53.700001]}, "id": "74"}]}