{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "Predicative noun phrases", "domain": [{"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "73-2", "name": "No copula"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "73-3", "name": "Variable copula"}]}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "6-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 1462, "valueset_pk": 1315, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 1315, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "6-73", "description": "The invariant copula is is (sg. and pl.).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 56, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 56, "source": null}}], "label": "Trinidad English Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 56, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 55, "jsondata": {}, "id": "6", "name": "Trinidad English Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 10.633333, "longitude": -61.283333}, "name": "Trinidad English Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-61.283333, 10.633333]}, "id": "6"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "9-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2289, "valueset_pk": 2072, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2072, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "9-73", "description": "I have given five examples to illustrate the problems with categorizing da/a as 'copula'. According to the definition in APiCS, the morpheme da (Examples 3, 139) and its variant a (Example 141) can be considered to be copulas because they are practically obligatory before noun phrases. Yet they also occur before definite and referential NPs (Example 138). If they are indeed copulas (which appears doubtful to me because e.g. da precedes the ANT particle me in Example 138), they are also and primarily highlighters, or topic particles in the above sentences, as is clear in Examples 138 and 140.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 76, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 76, "source": null}}], "label": "Belizean Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 76, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 75, "jsondata": {}, "id": "9", "name": "Belizean Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 17.533333, "longitude": -88.25}, "name": "Belizean Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-88.25, 17.533333]}, "id": "9"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "30-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8004, "valueset_pk": 7318, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7318, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "30-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 24, "source": null}}], "label": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 24, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 23, "jsondata": {}, "id": "30", "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 15.083333, "longitude": -22.616667}, "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-22.616667, 15.083333]}, "id": "30"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "39-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 10479, "valueset_pk": 9606, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 9606, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "39-73", "description": "In Diu Indo-Portuguese, the copula selected for class-inclusion is described as an individual-level copula (as opposed to a stage-level copula, reserved for less time-stable predication). There is both a non-Past form (\u025b) and a Past form (\u025br) of the individual-level copula.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 33, "source": null}}], "label": "Diu Indo-Portuguese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 33, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 32, "jsondata": {}, "id": "39", "name": "Diu Indo-Portuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 20.713087, "longitude": 70.984726}, "name": "Diu Indo-Portuguese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [70.984726, 20.713087]}, "id": "39"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "54-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14500, "valueset_pk": 13335, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13335, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "54-73", "description": "According to Staudacher (2004: 53) predicate noun phrases can also occur without copula (example: Son papa en tayer. 'His father is a tailor.') However, I have not yet found an authentic example without copula. More research is needed.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 50, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 50, "source": null}}], "label": "Reunion Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 50, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 49, "jsondata": {}, "id": "54", "name": "Reunion Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -20.950001, "longitude": 55.650002}, "name": "Reunion Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [55.650002, -20.950001]}, "id": "54"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "62-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16646, "valueset_pk": 15351, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15351, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "62-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 59, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 59, "source": null}}], "label": "Mixed Ma\u2019a/Mbugu", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 59, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 58, "jsondata": {}, "id": "62", "name": "Mixed Ma\u2019a/Mbugu", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -4.533333, "longitude": 38.366669}, "name": "Mixed Ma\u2019a/Mbugu"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [38.366669, -4.533333]}, "id": "62"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "24-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6367, "valueset_pk": 5829, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 5829, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "24-73", "description": "The copula is a fairly complex phenomenon in Norf'k, and there appear to be differences between speakers of different varieties that require further investigation.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 17, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 17, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Norf'k", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 17, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 16, "jsondata": {}, "id": "24", "name": "Norf'k", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -29.033209, "longitude": 167.957947}, "name": "Norf'k"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [167.957947, -29.033209]}, "id": "24"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "69-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 18472, "valueset_pk": 17074, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17074, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "69-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 66, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 66, "source": "Own field notes 1985"}}], "label": "Yimas-Arafundi Pidgin", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 66, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 65, "jsondata": {}, "id": "69", "name": "Yimas-Arafundi Pidgin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -4.666667, "longitude": 143.550003}, "name": "Yimas-Arafundi Pidgin"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [143.550003, -4.666667]}, "id": "69"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "70-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 18711, "valueset_pk": 17307, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17307, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "70-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 68, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 68, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Pidgin Hindustani", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 68, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 67, "jsondata": {}, "id": "70", "name": "Pidgin Hindustani", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -17.905569, "longitude": 178.088379}, "name": "Pidgin Hindustani"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [178.088379, -17.905569]}, "id": "70"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "2-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 366, "valueset_pk": 320, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 320, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "2-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 12, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 12, "source": null}}], "label": "Sranan", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 12, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 12, "jsondata": {}, "id": "2", "name": "Sranan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.833333, "longitude": -55.0}, "name": "Sranan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-55.0, 5.833333]}, "id": "2"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "3-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 641, "valueset_pk": 566, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 566, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "3-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 23, "source": null}}], "label": "Saramaccan", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 23, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 22, "jsondata": {}, "id": "3", "name": "Saramaccan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 4.5, "longitude": -55.5}, "name": "Saramaccan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-55.5, 4.5]}, "id": "3"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "4-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 914, "valueset_pk": 817, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "4-73", "description": "The copula (n)a is not verbal. It derives from the focus marker na (cf. Migge 2002).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 34, "source": null}}], "label": "Nengee", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 34, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 33, "jsondata": {}, "id": "4", "name": "Nengee", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 4.302591, "longitude": -54.415283}, "name": "Nengee"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-54.415283, 4.302591]}, "id": "4"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "8-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2014, "valueset_pk": 1819, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 1819, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "8-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 75, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 75, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Jamaican", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 75, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 74, "jsondata": {}, "id": "8", "name": "Jamaican", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 18.0, "longitude": -77.5}, "name": "Jamaican"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-77.5, 18.0]}, "id": "8"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "10-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2560, "valueset_pk": 2324, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2324, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "10-73", "description": "From a language-particular perspective, da is a focus particle, not a copula as I claimed in Bartens (2003: 76). This is the case of the basilect whereas the acrolect employs iz, woz (< English  is, was) and occasionally even bii. However, for the cross-linguistic purposes of APiCS, it is classified as as value 1 (cf. the similar situation in Belizean Creole).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 2, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 2, "source": null}}], "label": "San Andres Creole English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 2, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "10", "name": "San Andres Creole English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 13.35, "longitude": -81.366669}, "name": "San Andres Creole English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-81.366669, 13.35]}, "id": "10"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "11-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2823, "valueset_pk": 2576, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2576, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "11-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 3, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 3, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Nicaraguan Creole English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 3, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "11", "name": "Nicaraguan Creole English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 12.0, "longitude": -83.75}, "name": "Nicaraguan Creole English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-83.75, 12.0]}, "id": "11"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "15-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3909, "valueset_pk": 3582, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 3582, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "15-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 7, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 7, "source": null}}], "label": "Krio", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 7, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 7, "jsondata": {}, "id": "15", "name": "Krio", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 8.483333, "longitude": -13.2}, "name": "Krio"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-13.2, 8.483333]}, "id": "15"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "16-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4175, "valueset_pk": 3833, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 3833, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "16-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 8, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 8, "source": null}}], "label": "Ghanaian Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 8, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 8, "jsondata": {}, "id": "16", "name": "Ghanaian Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.558582, "longitude": -0.20874}, "name": "Ghanaian Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-0.20874, 5.558582]}, "id": "16"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "17-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4464, "valueset_pk": 4089, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 4089, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "17-73", "description": "Alongside the use of the identity/class membership copula b\u00ec, the item n\u00e0, which straddles the boundary between copular and non-copular highlighter, is also used to introduce predicative noun phrases.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 9, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 9, "source": null}}], "label": "Nigerian Pidgin", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 9, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 9, "jsondata": {}, "id": "17", "name": "Nigerian Pidgin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 6.358975, "longitude": 5.564575}, "name": "Nigerian Pidgin"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [5.564575, 6.358975]}, "id": "17"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "18-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4754, "valueset_pk": 4340, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 4340, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "18-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 10, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 10, "source": null}}], "label": "Cameroon Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 10, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 10, "jsondata": {}, "id": "18", "name": "Cameroon Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 3.383333, "longitude": 9.966667}, "name": "Cameroon Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [9.966667, 3.383333]}, "id": "18"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "19-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 5034, "valueset_pk": 4592, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 4592, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "19-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 11, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 11, "source": null}}], "label": "Pichi", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 11, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 11, "jsondata": {}, "id": "19", "name": "Pichi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 3.754634, "longitude": 8.779449}, "name": "Pichi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.779449, 3.754634]}, "id": "19"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "28-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7432, "valueset_pk": 6815, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6815, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "28-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 21, "source": null}}], "label": "Berbice Dutch", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 21, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 20, "jsondata": {}, "id": "28", "name": "Berbice Dutch", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.611373, "longitude": -57.870827}, "name": "Berbice Dutch"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-57.870827, 5.611373]}, "id": "28"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "29-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7725, "valueset_pk": 7068, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7068, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "29-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 22, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Afrikaans", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 22, "region": "Southern Africa", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 21, "jsondata": {}, "id": "29", "name": "Afrikaans", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -33.866669, "longitude": 18.6}, "name": "Afrikaans"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.6, -33.866669]}, "id": "29"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "31-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8276, "valueset_pk": 7570, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7570, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "31-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 25, "source": null}}], "label": "Cape Verdean Creole of Brava", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 25, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 24, "jsondata": {}, "id": "31", "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Brava", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 14.833333, "longitude": -24.8}, "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Brava"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-24.8, 14.833333]}, "id": "31"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "32-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8550, "valueset_pk": 7822, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7822, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "32-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 26, "source": null}}], "label": "Cape Verdean Creole of S\u00e3o Vicente", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 26, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 25, "jsondata": {}, "id": "32", "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of S\u00e3o Vicente", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 16.866667, "longitude": -24.983334}, "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of S\u00e3o Vicente"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-24.983334, 16.866667]}, "id": "32"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "33-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8823, "valueset_pk": 8076, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8076, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "33-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 27, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Guinea-Bissau Kriyol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 27, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 26, "jsondata": {}, "id": "33", "name": "Guinea-Bissau Kriyol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 11.9, "longitude": -15.0}, "name": "Guinea-Bissau Kriyol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-15.0, 11.9]}, "id": "33"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "34-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 9100, "valueset_pk": 8329, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8329, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "34-73", "description": "Etymologically, the i of Example 116 may well be (at least partly) derived from the Portuguese personal pronominal ele (see various publications of Kihm (on Guinea-Bissau Kriyol) and Baptista (on Capeverdean) about this topic). However, in synchrony and in such a sentence as Jo\u014b \u00f8 i piskador 'John is a fisherman', i behaves just as another verbal predicate or another copula: see Example 120 Jo\u014b \u00f8 s\u00e1 piskador 'John is now (=has turned into) a fisherman'), where sa behaves syntactically exactly the same way as i in Example 116.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 28, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 28, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Casamancese Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 28, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 27, "jsondata": {}, "id": "34", "name": "Casamancese Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 12.7, "longitude": -16.274}, "name": "Casamancese Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-16.274, 12.7]}, "id": "34"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "35-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 9383, "valueset_pk": 8589, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8589, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "35-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 29, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Santome", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 29, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 28, "jsondata": {}, "id": "35", "name": "Santome", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 0.33285, "longitude": 6.88}, "name": "Santome"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [6.88, 0.33285]}, "id": "35"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "40-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 10747, "valueset_pk": 9853, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 9853, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "40-73", "description": "Occasionally, one finds a copula-less sentence, but it\u2019s the exception.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 35, "source": "Unpublished story"}}], "label": "Korlai", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 35, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 34, "jsondata": {}, "id": "40", "name": "Korlai", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 18.516666, "longitude": 72.900002}, "name": "Korlai"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [72.900002, 18.516666]}, "id": "40"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "47-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12573, "valueset_pk": 11552, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11552, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "47-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 42, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 42, "source": null}}], "label": "Papiamentu", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 42, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 41, "jsondata": {}, "id": "47", "name": "Papiamentu", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 12.25, "longitude": -69.0}, "name": "Papiamentu"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-69.0, 12.25]}, "id": "47"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "48-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12843, "valueset_pk": 11804, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11804, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "48-73", "description": "Palenquero uses several copula, including:\n\ne < Spanish es\nta < Spanish estar\nsend\u00e1 (etym. ?)\nfue < Spanish fue\nera < Spanish era\n\nNote that fue can be used for both present and past (strange as this may be, from a Spanish perspective, where fue is always past).\n\nIt remains to be studied what \"really\" triggers speakers to use one over the other of these copulas.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 43, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 43, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Palenquero", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 43, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 42, "jsondata": {}, "id": "48", "name": "Palenquero", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 10.10318, "longitude": -75.198807}, "name": "Palenquero"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-75.198807, 10.10318]}, "id": "48"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "49-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 13129, "valueset_pk": 12066, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 12066, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "49-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 44, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 44, "source": null}}], "label": "Haitian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 44, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 43, "jsondata": {}, "id": "49", "name": "Haitian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 19.0, "longitude": -72.5}, "name": "Haitian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-72.5, 19.0]}, "id": "49"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "52-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 13955, "valueset_pk": 12831, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 12831, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "52-73", "description": "sa is only used if no other TAM marker is present.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 48, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 48, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Guyanais", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 48, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 47, "jsondata": {}, "id": "52", "name": "Guyanais", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 3.922142, "longitude": -51.792297}, "name": "Guyanais"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-51.792297, 3.922142]}, "id": "52"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "58-73-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 15585, "valueset_pk": 14352, "domainelement_pk": 1268, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1268, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "73-1", "name": "Invariant copula", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 308, "number": 1, "abbr": "Invariant copula"}, "valueset": {"pk": 14352, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "58-73", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 54, "parameter_pk": 308, "contribution_pk": 54, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Kikongo-Kituba", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 54, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Bantu", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 53, "jsondata": {}, "id": "58", "name": "Kikongo-Kituba", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -4.565474, "longitude": 17.666016}, "name": "Kikongo-Kituba"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [17.666016, -4.565474]}, "id": "58"}]}