{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "Ability verb and epistemic possibility", "domain": [{"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "55-1", "name": "Ability verb also expresses epistemic possibility"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "55-3", "name": "No ability verb"}]}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "1-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 71, "valueset_pk": 55, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 55, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "1-55", "description": "The lexical verb sabi (fu) can be used to express mental ability, whereas kan is used to express physical ability, general ability, root possibility, and permissibility. In addition, man fu can be used to express ability in late 18th- century Sranan. They cannot be used for epistemic possibility; epistemic possibility is expressed by sa.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 1, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 1, "source": null}}], "label": "Early Sranan", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 1, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "1", "name": "Early Sranan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.833333, "longitude": -55.6}, "name": "Early Sranan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-55.6, 5.833333]}, "id": "1"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "6-55-2", "name": null, "description": 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cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 9339, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "38-55", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 32, "source": "Own fieldwork 1993"}}], "label": "Fa d\u2019Amb\u00f4", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 32, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 31, "jsondata": {}, "id": "38", "name": "Fa d\u2019Amb\u00f4", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -1.433333, "longitude": 5.633333}, "name": "Fa d\u2019Amb\u00f4"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [5.633333, -1.433333]}, "id": "38"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "54-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14480, "valueset_pk": 13317, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 13317, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "54-55", "description": "In the dictionary of Armand (1987) there is an entry: le kapab 'cela se peut bien', but I do not think that Value 1 can be chosen on this basis. There are no examples in my corpus.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 50, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 50, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Reunion Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 50, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 49, "jsondata": {}, "id": "54", "name": "Reunion Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -20.950001, "longitude": 55.650002}, "name": "Reunion Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [55.650002, -20.950001]}, "id": "54"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "61-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16372, "valueset_pk": 15087, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 15087, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "61-55", "description": "Some grammars, e.g. Opperman 1967, give azi as a future marker as well (i.e. epistemic certainty). I used to think this is a misanalysis, arising from confusing azi 'to know' with future particle zo (often reduced to clitic z). But given that I found an authentic sentence with negative future with azi (see Example 54), maybe there's something in the idea of future deriving from Zulu azi 'to know, be able' as much as from Zulu auxiliary future marker zo.\n\nFor epistemic possibility the \"perhaps\" reading is not possible; but a contextual reading of the other sort proposed is just about possible.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 58, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 58, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Fanakalo", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 58, "region": "Southern Africa", "lexifier": "Bantu", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 57, "jsondata": {}, "id": "61", "name": "Fanakalo", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.532656, "longitude": 30.855103}, "name": "Fanakalo"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [30.855103, -28.532656]}, "id": "61"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "65-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17428, "valueset_pk": 16084, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 16084, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "65-55", "description": "The ability verb magu 'can' does not express the epistemic possibility.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 62, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 62, "source": null}}], "label": "Chinese Pidgin Russian", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 62, "region": "East Asia", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 61, "jsondata": {}, "id": "65", "name": "Chinese Pidgin Russian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.0, "longitude": 134.0}, "name": "Chinese Pidgin Russian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [134.0, 48.0]}, "id": "65"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "71-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 18944, "valueset_pk": 17527, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 17527, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "71-55", "description": "Hiki + verb is used for ability in Pidgin Hawaiian (often in a preverbal position as a modal marker, whereas in Hawaiian this verb embeds a full clause), whereas paha + verb (usually a postverbal modal as in Hawaiian but sometimes preverbal like hiki) expresses epistemic possibility in Pidgin Hawaiian.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 69, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 69, "source": "Own data"}}], "label": "Pidgin Hawaiian", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 69, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 68, "jsondata": {}, "id": "71", "name": "Pidgin Hawaiian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 19.8, "longitude": -156.85}, "name": "Pidgin Hawaiian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-156.85, 19.8]}, "id": "71"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "73-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19482, "valueset_pk": 18026, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 18026, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "73-55", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 71, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 71, "source": null}}], "label": "Media Lengua", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 71, "region": "South America", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 70, "jsondata": {}, "id": "73", "name": "Media Lengua", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -1.816667, "longitude": -78.199997}, "name": "Media Lengua"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-78.199997, -1.816667]}, "id": "73"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "75-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 20019, "valueset_pk": 18527, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 18527, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "75-55", "description": "Epistemic possibility is expressed with a marker different from the main verb expressing 'ability' (kashitaaw) and from the verbal prefixes expressing 'ability' (kakii-).\n\nFor example: ahpeetikwee, maashkut, tetbaen\n'perhaps, maybe'.\n\nIn addition, there is an epistemic evidential particle eetikwee, which could be called 'suppositive', referring to statements for which one has no direct evidence.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 73, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 73, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Michif", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 73, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 72, "jsondata": {}, "id": "75", "name": "Michif", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.833332, "longitude": -99.800003}, "name": "Michif"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-99.800003, 48.833332]}, "id": "75"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "13-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3358, "valueset_pk": 3064, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 3064, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "13-55", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 5, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 5, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Gullah", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 5, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 5, "jsondata": {}, "id": "13", "name": "Gullah", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 31.0, "longitude": -81.5}, "name": "Gullah"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-81.5, 31.0]}, "id": "13"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "16-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4153, "valueset_pk": 3815, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 3815, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "16-55", "description": "Epistemic possibility can be expressed by the ability marker fit, but only if it occurs in conjunction with the future/irrealis marker g\u00f2. It is doubtful, therefore, that the ability marker itself triggers an epistemic possibility meaning, which rather seems to be imparted by the future/irrealis marker.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 8, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 8, "source": null}}], "label": "Ghanaian Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 8, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 8, "jsondata": {}, "id": "16", "name": "Ghanaian Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.558582, "longitude": -0.20874}, "name": "Ghanaian Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-0.20874, 5.558582]}, "id": "16"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "20-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 5287, "valueset_pk": 4825, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 4825, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "20-55", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 13, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 13, "source": null}}], "label": "Chinese Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 13, "region": "East Asia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 13, "jsondata": {}, "id": "20", "name": "Chinese Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 23.079733, "longitude": 113.334961}, "name": "Chinese Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [113.334961, 23.079733]}, "id": "20"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "24-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6346, "valueset_pk": 5811, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 5811, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "24-55", "description": "Both the range of English 'can' and 'may' is expressed in Norf'k by means of the auxillary ell (etymologically English able).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 17, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 17, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Norf'k", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 17, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 16, "jsondata": {}, "id": "24", "name": "Norf'k", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -29.033209, "longitude": 167.957947}, "name": "Norf'k"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [167.957947, -29.033209]}, "id": "24"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "25-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6621, "valueset_pk": 6058, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 6058, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "25-55", "description": "The ability verb gin~kin~ken occasionally has a permissive reading, but no examples of an epistemic reading could be found in the data surveyed. The usual way to express epistemic possibility is by use of the adverb maitbi~mairri 'maybe'.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 18, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 18, "source": "Fieldwork Schultze-Berndt"}}], "label": "Kriol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 18, "region": "Australia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 17, "jsondata": {}, "id": "25", "name": "Kriol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -14.833333, "longitude": 135.0}, "name": "Kriol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [135.0, -14.833333]}, "id": "25"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "39-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 10458, "valueset_pk": 9588, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 9588, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "39-55", "description": "Although the data available is not vast enough to make too strong a claim, it appears that the Diu Indo-Portuguese ability verb pude 'can' is not employed to express epistemic possibility. Instead, speakers make use of the adverb p\u0259dser 'maybe/perhaps', which is different - though diachronically derived from the ability verb (and possibly still interpreted as such synchronically).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 33, "source": null}}], "label": "Diu Indo-Portuguese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 33, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 32, "jsondata": {}, "id": "39", "name": "Diu Indo-Portuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 20.713087, "longitude": 70.984726}, "name": "Diu Indo-Portuguese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [70.984726, 20.713087]}, "id": "39"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "72-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19218, "valueset_pk": 17777, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 17777, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "72-55", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 70, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 70, "source": null}}], "label": "Gurindji Kriol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 70, "region": "Australia", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 69, "jsondata": {}, "id": "72", "name": "Gurindji Kriol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -17.450001, "longitude": 130.983337}, "name": "Gurindji Kriol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [130.983337, -17.450001]}, "id": "72"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "43-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 11522, "valueset_pk": 10578, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Uncertain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 10578, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "43-55", "description": "There is an ability verb in Batavia, but it is impossible to say whether it can express epistemic possibility.\nIn the corpus, there is no example for the participant-internal ability usage.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 38, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 38, "source": null}}], "label": "Batavia Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 38, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 37, "jsondata": {}, "id": "43", "name": "Batavia Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -6.716667, "longitude": 107.183334}, "name": "Batavia Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [107.183334, -6.716667]}, "id": "43"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "44-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 11749, "valueset_pk": 10786, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Uncertain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 10786, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "44-55", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 39, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 39, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Ternate Chabacano", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 39, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 38, "jsondata": {}, "id": "44", "name": "Ternate Chabacano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 13.269707, "longitude": 120.675201}, "name": "Ternate Chabacano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [120.675201, 13.269707]}, "id": "44"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "5-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 1167, "valueset_pk": 1050, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 1050, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "5-55", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 45, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 45, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Creolese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", 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"domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 15585, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "63-55", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 60, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 60, "source": "Personal data"}}], "label": "Kinubi", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 60, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Arabic", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 59, "jsondata": {}, "id": "63", "name": "Kinubi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 0.666667, "longitude": 32.083332}, "name": "Kinubi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [32.083332, 0.666667]}, "id": "63"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "64-55-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17163, "valueset_pk": 15837, "domainelement_pk": 1187, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1187, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "55-2", "name": "Ability verb cannot express epistemic possibility", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 288, "number": 2, "abbr": "Ability verb cannot express epist. poss."}, "valueset": {"pk": 15837, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "64-55", "description": "In Juba Arabic we have two verbal constructions which express situational possibility. The first one is related to the domain of ability and it consists in the use of the verb \u00e1gder 'can' (which is always preceded by the habitual marker); the second one is concerned with the domain of epistemic possibility and is expressed by the impersonal verbal forms y\u00famkin and m\u00famkin. We consider m\u00famkin and y\u00famkin as impersonal verbs because they are not preceded by subject. In descriptive terms we could also consider them as adjectives.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 61, "parameter_pk": 288, "contribution_pk": 61, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Juba Arabic", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 61, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Arabic", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 60, "jsondata": {}, "id": "64", "name": "Juba Arabic", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 4.266667, "longitude": 31.016666}, "name": "Juba Arabic"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [31.016666, 4.266667]}, "id": "64"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "67-55-2", "name": null, 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"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 68, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 67, "jsondata": {}, "id": "70", "name": "Pidgin Hindustani", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -17.905569, "longitude": 178.088379}, "name": "Pidgin Hindustani"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [178.088379, -17.905569]}, "id": "70"}]}