{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "Suppletion according to tense and aspect", "domain": [{"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojQUREOEU2OyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "54-1", "name": "Weak suppletion according to tense only"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZCNkMxOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "54-3", "name": "Weak suppletion according to aspect only"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "54-4", "name": "Strong suppletion according to aspect only"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "54-6", "name": "Strong suppletion according to both tense and aspect"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "54-7", "name": "No suppletion according to tense or aspect"}]}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "9-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2266, "valueset_pk": 2053, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2053, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "9-54", "description": "Suppletion in Belizean Creole is restricted to a few auxiliaries (i.e. 'had', rarely 'was'). The present counterpart of woz is - rarely -be and even more rarely iz, but only in emphatic contexts. There is usually zero copula, and me + zero copula as the equivalent of woz.\nThis is different from the common use of standard preterite forms (such as lef in Example 108) that have been relexified as bare stems.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 76, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 76, "source": null}}], "label": "Belizean Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 76, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 75, "jsondata": {}, "id": "9", "name": "Belizean Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 17.533333, "longitude": -88.25}, "name": "Belizean Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-88.25, 17.533333]}, "id": "9"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "27-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7147, "valueset_pk": 6551, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6551, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "27-54", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 20, "source": null}}], "label": "Negerhollands", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 20, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 19, "jsondata": {}, "id": "27", "name": "Negerhollands", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 18.333332, "longitude": -64.75}, "name": "Negerhollands"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-64.75, 18.333332]}, "id": "27"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "33-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8802, "valueset_pk": 8057, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8057, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "33-54", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 27, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Guinea-Bissau Kriyol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 27, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 26, "jsondata": {}, "id": "33", "name": "Guinea-Bissau Kriyol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 11.9, "longitude": -15.0}, "name": "Guinea-Bissau Kriyol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-15.0, 11.9]}, "id": "33"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "35-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 9361, "valueset_pk": 8570, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8570, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "35-54", "description": "Tinha and tava/era (past form of the copula sa) are the only cases of strong suppletion according to tense. Instead of tinha, tava t\u00ea may also be used. This construction follows the regular pattern.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 29, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Santome", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 29, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 28, "jsondata": {}, "id": "35", "name": "Santome", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 0.33285, "longitude": 6.88}, "name": "Santome"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [6.88, 0.33285]}, "id": "35"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "54-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14479, "valueset_pk": 13316, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13316, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "54-54", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 50, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 50, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Reunion Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 50, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 49, "jsondata": {}, "id": "54", "name": "Reunion Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -20.950001, "longitude": 55.650002}, "name": "Reunion Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [55.650002, -20.950001]}, "id": "54"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "30-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7981, "valueset_pk": 7299, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7299, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "30-54", "description": "Three other forms exist for the copula \u00ea: \u00e9ra (+ANT), ser (after a verbal particle, after another verb and after prepositions) and s\u00e9rba (+ANT, if one of the conditions for ser applies). I don\u2019t consider the acrolectal forms foi, stevi and tevi to be perfectives of \u00ea, sta and ten(e), but perfective partner verbs for \u00ea, sta and ten(e). In fact, there is no formal rule for the formation of perfective forms to other stative verbs. \nA lot of verbs have (along with the regular anterior with -ba) irregular, acrolectal forms, that are borrowed from Portuguese, cf. benba ~ binha (ben 'come\u2019), debeba ~ dev\u00eda (debe 'must\u2019), kreba ~ kria (kre 'want, love\u2019), ten(e)ba ~ tinha (ten(e) 'have\u2019). From a synchronic point of view, these constitute cases of weak suppletion.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 24, "source": null}}], "label": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 24, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 23, "jsondata": {}, "id": "30", "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 15.083333, "longitude": -22.616667}, "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-22.616667, 15.083333]}, "id": "30"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "6-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 1441, "valueset_pk": 1298, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 1298, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "6-54", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 56, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 56, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Trinidad English Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 56, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 55, "jsondata": {}, "id": "6", "name": "Trinidad English Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 10.633333, "longitude": -61.283333}, "name": "Trinidad English Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-61.283333, 10.633333]}, "id": "6"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "11-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2800, "valueset_pk": 2557, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2557, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "11-54", "description": "Nicaraguan Creole English has a few more verb forms featuring suppletion according to tense than San Andres Creole English. While Holm (1978: 249\u2013250) states that sie/sed, tel/tuol, kyaan/kun, iz/woz are equivalent forms in the basilect, this no longer seems to hold for present-day Nicaraguan Creole where English conjugated past tense forms abound and the latter variants are past tense forms of the former. The same applies to go/gaan.\nAs in San Andres Creole English, some basic verb forms look as if they were derived from the English past tense but sometimes actually continue British dialectal forms, e.g. brook, draundid, laas, lef, luodid, marid, wuundid. Basic verbs derived from the English present participle are fishin, gwain, kuortin (cf. Holm 1978: 130; at present, gwain is however used as a progressive form). All of these forms occur in San Andres Creole English as well.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 3, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 3, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Nicaraguan Creole English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 3, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "11", "name": "Nicaraguan Creole English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 12.0, "longitude": -83.75}, "name": "Nicaraguan Creole English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-83.75, 12.0]}, "id": "11"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "12-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3073, "valueset_pk": 2809, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2809, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "12-54", "description": "As in English, strong suppletion according to tense exists in a few irregular verbs and the copula.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 4, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 4, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Bahamian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 4, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "12", "name": "Bahamian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 25.053879, "longitude": -77.33963}, "name": "Bahamian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-77.33963, 25.053879]}, "id": "12"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "14-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3623, "valueset_pk": 3315, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 3315, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "14-54", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 6, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 6, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "African American English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 6, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 6, "jsondata": {}, "id": "14", "name": "African American English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 37.282795, "longitude": -85.12207}, "name": "African American English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-85.12207, 37.282795]}, "id": "14"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "19-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 5008, "valueset_pk": 4573, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 4573, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "19-54", "description": "The identity copula is suppletive with respect to affirmative and negative polarity (n\u00e0 vs. noto) and with respect to tense/aspect (n\u00e0/noto vs. bi).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 11, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 11, "source": "Field data"}}], "label": "Pichi", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 11, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 11, "jsondata": {}, "id": "19", "name": "Pichi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 3.754634, "longitude": 8.779449}, "name": "Pichi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.779449, 3.754634]}, "id": "19"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "26-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6884, "valueset_pk": 6304, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6304, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "26-54", "description": "The copula in Hawai'i Creole behaves like in English: 'is' vs. 'was'.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 19, "source": null}}], "label": "Hawai\u2018i Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 19, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 18, "jsondata": {}, "id": "26", "name": "Hawai\u2018i Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 21.5, "longitude": -158.0}, "name": "Hawai\u2018i Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-158.0, 21.5]}, "id": "26"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "29-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7696, "valueset_pk": 7049, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7049, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "29-54", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 22, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Afrikaans", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 22, "region": "Southern Africa", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 21, "jsondata": {}, "id": "29", "name": "Afrikaans", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -33.866669, "longitude": 18.6}, "name": "Afrikaans"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.6, -33.866669]}, "id": "29"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "36-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 9644, "valueset_pk": 8832, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8832, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "36-54", "description": "The only case of (strong) suppletion is the copula, tha for present reference, and ta for past reference.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 30, "source": null}}], "label": "Angolar", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 30, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 29, "jsondata": {}, "id": "36", "name": "Angolar", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 0.134582, "longitude": 6.48}, "name": "Angolar"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [6.48, 0.134582]}, "id": "36"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "39-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 10457, "valueset_pk": 9587, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 9587, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "39-54", "description": "Suppletion is very conspicuous in Diu Indo-Portuguese, both of the weak (e.g. trag 'bring(s)' vs. tros 'brought') and strong type (e.g. vay 'go(es)' vs. foy 'went').\n\nTense is responsible for suppletive alternations (e.g. v\u1ebdy 'come.NPST.PFV' vs. vey 'come.PST.PFV'). The fact that these forms simultaneously contribute temporal and aspectual information should not mislead us, though. As a matter of fact, all finite verb forms in Diu Indo-Portuguese have a Perfective reading (i.e. Imperfectivity is not coded morphologically) and, as such, suppletive alternations rest solely on Tense alternations. On the contrary, Imperfective marking resorts to auxiliaries preposed to the nonfinite form of the main verb. There are two imperfective auxiliaries, te/t\u0259 and ti\u014b, non-Past and Past respectively; these, however, are verbal in nature, so the alternation observed is, once again, motivated by Tense. \n\nThe only cases in which one might recognize suppletion according to Aspect involve suppletive alternation between finite verb forms and their nonfinite counterparts, in the sense that the former are laden with aspectual information whereas the latter are neutral in that respect. In Diu Indo-Portuguese, this type of suppletive alternation obtains only for one verb: ir 'go.INF' vs. vay 'go.NPST.PFV' vs. foy 'go.PST.PFV'. However, I have decided to disregard this instance because ir is a highly acrolectal form, taken directly from Standard Portuguese and used only by a small section of the speech community in very particular social contexts; the regular nonfinite form of this particular verb is, in fact, equivalent to the non-Past finite form: vay.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 33, "source": null}}], "label": "Diu Indo-Portuguese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 33, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 32, "jsondata": {}, "id": "39", "name": "Diu Indo-Portuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 20.713087, "longitude": 70.984726}, "name": "Diu Indo-Portuguese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [70.984726, 20.713087]}, "id": "39"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "41-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 10999, "valueset_pk": 10091, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10091, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "41-54", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 36, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Sri Lanka Portuguese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 36, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 35, "jsondata": {}, "id": "41", "name": "Sri Lanka Portuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 8.5, "longitude": 81.686096}, "name": "Sri Lanka Portuguese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [81.686096, 8.5]}, "id": "41"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "53-54-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14203, "valueset_pk": 13064, "domainelement_pk": 1181, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very uncertain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1181, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "54-2", "name": "Strong suppletion according to tense only", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 287, "number": 2, "abbr": "Strong suppletion according to tense only"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13064, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "53-54", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 49, "parameter_pk": 287, "contribution_pk": 49, "source": null}}], "label": "Louisiana Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 49, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 48, "jsondata": {}, "id": "53", "name": "Louisiana Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 30.166668, "longitude": -91.833336}, "name": "Louisiana Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-91.833336, 30.166668]}, "id": "53"}]}