{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "Present reference of stative verbs and past perfective reference of dynamic verbs", "domain": [{"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "51-3", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are both unmarked"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkY3RjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "51-6", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked with the same overt marker"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "51-8", "name": "The language has no or only one TAM marker"}]}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "22-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 5808, "valueset_pk": 5308, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 5308, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "22-51", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 15, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 15, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Tok Pisin", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 15, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 14, "jsondata": {}, "id": "22", "name": "Tok Pisin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -9.5, "longitude": 147.166672}, "name": "Tok Pisin"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [147.166672, -9.5]}, "id": "22"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "25-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6617, "valueset_pk": 6054, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6054, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "25-51", "description": "In Kriol, unmarked stative and dynamic verbs have present time reference (although occurrences of unmarked dynamic verb appear to be restricted mainly to present habitual contexts). Other tense/aspect/mood values are also marked in the same way for stative and dynamic verbs.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 18, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 18, "source": "Fieldwork Schultze-Berndt"}}], "label": "Kriol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 18, "region": "Australia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 17, "jsondata": {}, "id": "25", "name": "Kriol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -14.833333, "longitude": 135.0}, "name": "Kriol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [135.0, -14.833333]}, "id": "25"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "28-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7409, "valueset_pk": 6793, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6793, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "28-51", "description": "If used in a non-past discourse context, unmarked statives have present or generic reference, whereas unmarked non-statives usually have generic or habitual reference. Present reference of unmarked non-statives is attested with speech verbs, e.g. pama \u2018tell\u2019. Where other non-statives have non-past reference which is nongeneric, they appear in a modifed form.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 21, "source": null}}], "label": "Berbice Dutch", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 21, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 20, "jsondata": {}, "id": "28", "name": "Berbice Dutch", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.611373, "longitude": -57.870827}, "name": "Berbice Dutch"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-57.870827, 5.611373]}, "id": "28"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "41-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 10996, "valueset_pk": 10088, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10088, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "41-51", "description": "A few defective verbs, such as sava 'know' and kera 'want' may exceptionally be unmarked in the present (These two verbs have no past form.) Verbs in dependent temporal clauses have optional past and perfective marking to indicate temporal priorness (i.e. past relative to the time of the main verb). [These are the SLP versions of the South Asian \u201cconjunctive past participle\u201d.]", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 36, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Sri Lanka Portuguese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 36, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 35, "jsondata": {}, "id": "41", "name": "Sri Lanka Portuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 8.5, "longitude": 81.686096}, "name": "Sri Lanka Portuguese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [81.686096, 8.5]}, "id": "41"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "43-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 11519, "valueset_pk": 10575, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10575, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "43-51", "description": "Tense and aspect marking in Batavia Creole is optional, as Example 63 shows. In this example, the unmarked verbs refer to a past perfective situation. Some stative verbs like teng 'have, be' are zero-marked for non-future reference.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 38, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 38, "source": null}}], "label": "Batavia Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 38, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 37, "jsondata": {}, "id": "43", "name": "Batavia Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -6.716667, "longitude": 107.183334}, "name": "Batavia Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [107.183334, -6.716667]}, "id": "43"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "44-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 11745, "valueset_pk": 10782, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10782, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "44-51", "description": "The verbs that are commonly left unmarked are Spanish inflected forms such as ty\u00e9ni, ky\u00e9ri, s\u00e1be and pw\u00e9de. They can occasionally occur with the perfective aspect marker (y)a.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 39, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 39, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Ternate Chabacano", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 39, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 38, "jsondata": {}, "id": "44", "name": "Ternate Chabacano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 13.269707, "longitude": 120.675201}, "name": "Ternate Chabacano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [120.675201, 13.269707]}, "id": "44"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "55-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14752, "valueset_pk": 13569, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13569, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "55-51", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 51, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 51, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Mauritian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 51, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 50, "jsondata": {}, "id": "55", "name": "Mauritian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -20.0, "longitude": 58.0}, "name": "Mauritian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [58.0, -20.0]}, "id": "55"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "61-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16368, "valueset_pk": 15083, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15083, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "61-51", "description": "Statives and non-statives are not differentiated in form and meaning in the present tense. In the past tense, however, there is a difference. Only non-statives take the past suffix -ile.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 58, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 58, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Fanakalo", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 58, "region": "Southern Africa", "lexifier": "Bantu", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 57, "jsondata": {}, "id": "61", "name": "Fanakalo", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.532656, "longitude": 30.855103}, "name": "Fanakalo"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [30.855103, -28.532656]}, "id": "61"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "66-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17676, "valueset_pk": 16320, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16320, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "66-51", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 63, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 63, "source": "M.T.M. Rihan, p.c."}}], "label": "Sri Lankan Malay", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 63, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Malay", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 62, "jsondata": {}, "id": "66", "name": "Sri Lankan Malay", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 7.0, "longitude": 81.25}, "name": "Sri Lankan Malay"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [81.25, 7.0]}, "id": "66"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "67-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17944, "valueset_pk": 16571, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16571, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "67-51", "description": "The predicate without any marker refers to a situation which occurs at whatever time is in focus. It may be present or past. The temporal location of that situation is clear from the context. As in Malay, a Bazaar Malay VP or an AP without being marked by any temporal expressions or TAM markers indicates a situation as a single whole and its temporal location can be inferred from the context. Thus, the utterance Saya ada satu oranggaji may mean either \u2018I have a maid\u2019 or \u2018I had a maid.\u2019 But from the context, it can be inferred that she was talking about the domestic helper she had at the time of speech.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 64, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 64, "source": null}}], "label": "Singapore Bazaar Malay", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 64, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Malay", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 63, "jsondata": {}, "id": "67", "name": "Singapore Bazaar Malay", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 1.329226, "longitude": 104.9}, "name": "Singapore Bazaar Malay"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [104.9, 1.329226]}, "id": "67"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "72-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19214, "valueset_pk": 17773, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17773, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "72-51", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 70, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 70, "source": null}}], "label": "Gurindji Kriol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 70, "region": "Australia", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 69, "jsondata": {}, "id": "72", "name": "Gurindji Kriol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -17.450001, "longitude": 130.983337}, "name": "Gurindji Kriol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [130.983337, -17.450001]}, "id": "72"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "75-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 20015, "valueset_pk": 18523, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18523, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "75-51", "description": "Unmarked verbs have present tense reading, marked verbs have a different reading (e.g. PST for verbs marked with the past tense prefix kii-).\n\nThis is true for both stative and dynamic verbs.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 73, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 73, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Michif", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 73, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 72, "jsondata": {}, "id": "75", "name": "Michif", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.833332, "longitude": -99.800003}, "name": "Michif"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-99.800003, 48.833332]}, "id": "75"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "20-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 5283, "valueset_pk": 4821, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Uncertain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 4821, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "20-51", "description": "It is not clear whether hap can be used with stative verbs.\nMy hap sick occurs, but may have a possessive sense (glossed 'I am sick', probably calqued on the Cantonese ng\u00f3h y\u00e1uh behng 'I have sick').", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 13, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 13, "source": null}}], "label": "Chinese Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 13, "region": "East Asia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 13, "jsondata": {}, "id": "20", "name": "Chinese Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 23.079733, "longitude": 113.334961}, "name": "Chinese Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [113.334961, 23.079733]}, "id": "20"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "14-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3620, "valueset_pk": 3312, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 3312, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "14-51", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 6, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 6, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "African American English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 6, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 6, "jsondata": {}, "id": "14", "name": "African American English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 37.282795, "longitude": -85.12207}, "name": "African American English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-85.12207, 37.282795]}, "id": "14"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "21-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 5532, "valueset_pk": 5056, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 5056, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "21-51", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 14, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 14, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Singlish", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 14, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": null, "jsondata": {}, "id": "21", "name": "Singlish", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 1.33, "longitude": 101.7}, "name": "Singlish"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [101.7, 1.33]}, "id": "21"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "26-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6881, "valueset_pk": 6301, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6301, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "26-51", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 19, "source": null}}], "label": "Hawai\u2018i Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 19, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 18, "jsondata": {}, "id": "26", "name": "Hawai\u2018i Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 21.5, "longitude": -158.0}, "name": "Hawai\u2018i Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-158.0, 21.5]}, "id": "26"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "27-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7146, "valueset_pk": 6550, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6550, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "27-51", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 20, "source": null}}], "label": "Negerhollands", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 20, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 19, "jsondata": {}, "id": "27", "name": "Negerhollands", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 18.333332, "longitude": -64.75}, "name": "Negerhollands"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-64.75, 18.333332]}, "id": "27"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "29-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7693, "valueset_pk": 7046, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7046, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "29-51", "description": "The first interpretation of the zero marked stative verb is present and the first interpretation of the zero marked dynamic verb is past. However, note the extensive use of the \"historic present\" in lively dialogues (cf. Donaldson 1993: 228\u2013230).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 22, "source": null}}], "label": "Afrikaans", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 22, "region": "Southern Africa", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 21, "jsondata": {}, "id": "29", "name": "Afrikaans", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -33.866669, "longitude": 18.6}, "name": "Afrikaans"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.6, -33.866669]}, "id": "29"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "39-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 10454, "valueset_pk": 9584, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 9584, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "39-51", "description": "Given that, in Diu Indo-Portuguese, the expression of imperfectivity requires the presence of an auxiliary, and also that Past tense prototypically involves suffixation, I take unmarked verbs (which correspond to the morphological root of the verb) to correspond to those I classify as non-Past Perfective forms. With respect to this feature, the temporal implications of such a categorisation merit some further comment:\n\nFrom a morphological point of view, finite Diu Indo-Portuguese verbs only code a twofold distinction (e.g. fik 'stay, dwell, become' vs. fik-o 'stayed, dwelt, became'; k\u00f5p 'buy' vs. k\u00f5pr-o 'bought'). One category consistently and obligatorily constructs past reference, and as such it is classified as 'Past'; the remaining forms participate in the expression of various temporal-aspectual combinations (from present habitual to immediate future) which, from a temporal point of view, can only be unified as 'not making explicit reference to the Past', hence the classification as 'non-Past' [Verbal morphology does not license any comparable Future category, and future reference requires a preverbal particle a(d)]. \n\nHaving clarified the temporal categories which are relevant for Diu Indo-Portuguese, we can now compare the actual temporal value of unmarked stative and dynamic verbs. They do not differ fundamentally, in that none has Past reference. Finer differences between them (e.g. whether or not they make reference to the moment of utterance) derive from their different semantics. Crucially, the habitual reading of both unmarked stative and dynamic verbs can be described as \"present habitual\" (as opposed to \"past habitual\", which has a different expression in the language).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 33, "source": null}}], "label": "Diu Indo-Portuguese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 33, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 32, "jsondata": {}, "id": "39", "name": "Diu Indo-Portuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 20.713087, "longitude": 70.984726}, "name": "Diu Indo-Portuguese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [70.984726, 20.713087]}, "id": "39"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "40-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 10719, "valueset_pk": 9831, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 9831, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "40-51", "description": "Key unmarked stative verbs express present-tense function, as in\n(a)\nYo sab.\n'I know'\n\nSab can also appear with the present-tense marker, as in \n(b)\nYo t\u0259 sab.\n\nIn the past, sab is conjugated as expected, i.e. sabew 'found out, came to know'. Note that the semantic interpretation of sabew expresses the beginning of knowing. That is, it has an inchoative interpretation.\n\nUnmarked, kere 'want, need' has present-tense interpretation.\n(c)\nPari ag kere.\n[me water want]\n'I want/need water.'\n\nThe past-tense form of kere (i.e. keri) is not heard much. The form kere is used in past contexts as well. \n\nOther stative verbs, such as siti 'feel' behave like dynamic verbs in terms of their marking. Thus, examples (d-e) are completely acceptable.\n\n(d)\nPari friw siti-n.\n[me cold feel-PROG]\n'I'm feeling cold.'\n\n(e)\nD\u0292aner su mes,\n[January GEN month]\nyo tham friw t\u0259 siti.\n[I always cold PRS feel]\n'I always feel cold in January.'\n\nSee Clements (2007: 154).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 35, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 35, "source": "Unpublished story"}}], "label": "Korlai", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 35, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 34, "jsondata": {}, "id": "40", "name": "Korlai", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 18.516666, "longitude": 72.900002}, "name": "Korlai"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [72.900002, 18.516666]}, "id": "40"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "42-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 11262, "valueset_pk": 10335, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10335, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "42-51", "description": "In Kristang, an unmarked dynamic verb may have two temporal interpretations: present (habitual) or past (habitual). Unmarked dynamic verbs can also be found in past contexts where they refer to a past perfective event, although it is more often the case that such verbs are marked with ja. An unmarked stative may have past (imperfective) or present (imperfective) temporal reference.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 37, "source": null}}], "label": "Papi\u00e1 Kristang", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 37, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 36, "jsondata": {}, "id": "42", "name": "Papi\u00e1 Kristang", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 2.225545, "longitude": 102.251129}, "name": "Papi\u00e1 Kristang"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [102.251129, 2.225545]}, "id": "42"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "46-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12281, "valueset_pk": 11284, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11284, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "46-51", "description": "In many cases, the context of the unmarked verb determines the temporal reference. \"Rarely, unmarked non-stative verbs occur with past reference.\" (Lipski & Santoro 2007: 376)", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 41, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 41, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Zamboanga Chabacano", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 41, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 40, "jsondata": {}, "id": "46", "name": "Zamboanga Chabacano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 7.0, "longitude": 122.083336}, "name": "Zamboanga Chabacano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [122.083336, 7.0]}, "id": "46"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "47-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12547, "valueset_pk": 11530, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11530, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "47-51", "description": "Overt tense/aspect marking is essentially obligatory in auxiliary-less main clauses. Unmarked occurrences are acceptable only for a subset of the class of stative verbs, namely those which do not admit combination with preverbal ta (see Feature 46 \"Tightness of link between progressive marker and verb\"). There are no verbs which fail to combine with the other preverbal modifiers. Thus we can distinguish three sets of verbs:\na. stative verbs which do not combine with ta, e.g., konos\u00e9 'know, be acquainted with', sabi ~ sa 'know', ke (Curacao) and kj\u00e8r (Aruba) (both: 'want');\nb. stative verbs which are optionally modified by ta, e.g., stima 'love', kosta 'cost';\nc. all other stative and non-stative verbs, e.g., dese\u00e1 'want, wish', ke 'believe', kanta 'sing'.\nThe interpretation of the verb preceded by ta is not affected by stativity. Whether the verb is stative or dynamic, the presence of ta in out-of-the-blue utterances triggers a present tense interpretation.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 42, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 42, "source": null}}], "label": "Papiamentu", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 42, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 41, "jsondata": {}, "id": "47", "name": "Papiamentu", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 12.25, "longitude": -69.0}, "name": "Papiamentu"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-69.0, 12.25]}, "id": "47"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "54-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14476, "valueset_pk": 13313, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13313, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "54-51", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 50, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 50, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Reunion Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 50, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 49, "jsondata": {}, "id": "54", "name": "Reunion Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -20.950001, "longitude": 55.650002}, "name": "Reunion Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [55.650002, -20.950001]}, "id": "54"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "56-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 15033, "valueset_pk": 13825, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13825, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "56-51", "description": "There are very few contexts in which a dynamic zero-marked verb can have past perfective reference, e.g. I pa gannyen.\n'S/he didn't get it'.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 52, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 52, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Seychelles Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 52, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 51, "jsondata": {}, "id": "56", "name": "Seychelles Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -4.75, "longitude": 55.5}, "name": "Seychelles Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [55.5, -4.75]}, "id": "56"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "73-51-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19478, "valueset_pk": 18022, "domainelement_pk": 1168, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1168, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "51-1", "name": "Stative verbs with present reference and dynamic verbs with past perfective reference are marked differently", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 284, "number": 3, "abbr": "Stative and dynamic verbs marked differently"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18022, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "73-51", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 71, "parameter_pk": 284, "contribution_pk": 71, "source": null}}], "label": "Media Lengua", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 71, "region": "South America", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 70, "jsondata": {}, "id": "73", "name": "Media Lengua", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -1.816667, "longitude": -78.199997}, "name": "Media Lengua"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-78.199997, -1.816667]}, "id": "73"}]}