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"FF0000"}, "id": "326-1", "name": "The main lexifier language", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 254, "number": 1, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 1237, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "5-326", "description": "English is the main language of influence. However, Creolese co-exists with 8 indigenous languages, with Bhojpuri, and Portuguese from a growing number of migrants from North-East Brazil who have settled both in the interior of the country and on the coast and in and around the capital city of Georgetown. There is a significant number of speakers of St. Lucian French-lexicon Creole present in pockets in the interior of the country. \n\nWhile Creolese speakers who migrate to neighouring Suriname have an impact on the creoles of Suriname, the influence does not occur in the other direction. Creolese, however, is in contact with Jamaican Creole through the popular culture of music. Thus, words which are Jamaican Creole in origin have been finding their way into Creolese speech.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 45, "parameter_pk": 254, "contribution_pk": 45, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Creolese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 45, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 44, "jsondata": {}, "id": "5", "name": "Creolese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 6.8, "longitude": -58.166668}, "name": "Creolese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-58.166668, 6.8]}, "id": "5"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "7-326-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 1925, "valueset_pk": 1736, "domainelement_pk": 1032, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1032, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "326-1", "name": "The main lexifier language", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 254, "number": 1, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 1736, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "7-326", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 67, "parameter_pk": 254, "contribution_pk": 67, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Vincentian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 67, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 66, "jsondata": {}, "id": "7", "name": "Vincentian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 13.133333, "longitude": -61.216667}, "name": "Vincentian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-61.216667, 13.133333]}, "id": "7"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "8-326-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2191, "valueset_pk": 1989, "domainelement_pk": 1032, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1032, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "326-1", "name": "The main lexifier language", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 254, "number": 1, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 1989, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "8-326", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 75, "parameter_pk": 254, "contribution_pk": 75, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Jamaican", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 75, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 74, "jsondata": {}, "id": "8", "name": "Jamaican", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 18.0, "longitude": -77.5}, "name": "Jamaican"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-77.5, 18.0]}, "id": "8"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "12-326-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3281, "valueset_pk": 2999, "domainelement_pk": 1032, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1032, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "326-1", "name": "The main lexifier language", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 254, "number": 1, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 2999, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "12-326", "description": "Cf. Hackert (2004: 54-64). Whether and in what way the presence of thousands of speakers of Haitian Creole (cf. Feature \"Increasing use\") is influencing Bahamian Creole is unclear to me.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 4, "parameter_pk": 254, "contribution_pk": 4, "source": null}}], "label": "Bahamian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 4, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "12", "name": "Bahamian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 25.053879, "longitude": -77.33963}, "name": "Bahamian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-77.33963, 25.053879]}, "id": "12"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "13-326-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3561, "valueset_pk": 3254, "domainelement_pk": 1032, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1032, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "326-1", "name": "The main lexifier language", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 254, "number": 1, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 3254, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "13-326", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 5, "parameter_pk": 254, "contribution_pk": 5, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Gullah", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 5, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 5, "jsondata": {}, "id": "13", "name": "Gullah", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 31.0, "longitude": -81.5}, "name": "Gullah"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-81.5, 31.0]}, "id": "13"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "16-326-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4364, "valueset_pk": 4006, "domainelement_pk": 1032, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1032, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "326-1", "name": "The main lexifier language", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 254, "number": 1, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 4006, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "16-326", "description": "Ghanaian Pidgin English is in contact with its main lexifier, English being the official language of Ghana. It is also in contact with several presumed substrates, since Ewe, Akan, etc. are the first languages of virtually all speakers of Ghanaian Pidgin and thus function as adstrates of Ghanaian Pidgin English.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 8, "parameter_pk": 254, "contribution_pk": 8, "source": null}}], "label": "Ghanaian Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 8, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 8, "jsondata": {}, "id": "16", "name": "Ghanaian Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.558582, "longitude": -0.20874}, "name": "Ghanaian Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-0.20874, 5.558582]}, "id": "16"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "18-326-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4933, "valueset_pk": 4509, "domainelement_pk": 1032, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1032, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "326-1", "name": "The main lexifier language", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 254, "number": 1, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 4509, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "18-326", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 10, "parameter_pk": 254, "contribution_pk": 10, "source": null}}], "label": "Cameroon Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 10, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 10, "jsondata": {}, "id": "18", "name": "Cameroon Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 3.383333, "longitude": 9.966667}, "name": "Cameroon Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [9.966667, 3.383333]}, "id": "18"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "20-326-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 5471, "valueset_pk": 5004, "domainelement_pk": 1032, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1032, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "326-1", "name": "The main lexifier language", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 254, "number": 1, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 5004, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "20-326", "description": "Most vocabulary is of English origin. There is also demonstrable influence from Portuguese, Swedish, Danish, Malay and Hindi.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 13, "parameter_pk": 254, "contribution_pk": 13, "source": null}}], "label": "Chinese Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 13, "region": "East Asia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 13, "jsondata": {}, "id": "20", "name": "Chinese Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 23.079733, "longitude": 113.334961}, "name": "Chinese Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [113.334961, 23.079733]}, "id": "20"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "24-326-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6538, "valueset_pk": 5995, "domainelement_pk": 1032, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1032, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "326-1", "name": "The main lexifier language", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 254, "number": 1, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 5995, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "24-326", "description": "In the past (1860-1920) contact with Mota through Melanesian Mission, contact with Tahitian through visits and books such as recently published Tahitian Names.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 17, "parameter_pk": 254, "contribution_pk": 17, "source": null}}], "label": "Norf'k", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 17, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 16, "jsondata": {}, "id": "24", "name": "Norf'k", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -29.033209, "longitude": 167.957947}, "name": "Norf'k"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [167.957947, -29.033209]}, "id": "24"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "25-326-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6819, "valueset_pk": 6243, "domainelement_pk": 1032, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1032, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "326-1", "name": "The main lexifier language", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 254, "number": 1, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 6243, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "25-326", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 18, "parameter_pk": 254, "contribution_pk": 18, "source": null}}], "label": "Kriol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 18, "region": "Australia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 17, "jsondata": {}, "id": "25", "name": "Kriol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -14.833333, "longitude": 135.0}, "name": "Kriol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [135.0, -14.833333]}, "id": "25"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "30-326-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8183, "valueset_pk": 7487, "domainelement_pk": 1032, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1032, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "326-1", "name": "The main lexifier language", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 254, "number": 1, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 7487, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "30-326", "description": "English and French are also important contact languages for Santiago Creole.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 254, "contribution_pk": 24, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 24, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 23, "jsondata": {}, "id": "30", "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 15.083333, "longitude": -22.616667}, "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-22.616667, 15.083333]}, "id": "30"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "31-326-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8450, "valueset_pk": 7739, "domainelement_pk": 1032, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1032, 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"markup_description": null, "latitude": 14.833333, "longitude": -24.8}, "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Brava"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-24.8, 14.833333]}, "id": "31"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "32-326-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8734, "valueset_pk": 7993, "domainelement_pk": 1032, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 1032, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "326-1", "name": "The main lexifier language", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 254, "number": 1, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 7993, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "32-326", "description": "Apart from the lexifier Portuguese, English constitutes an important contact language for Cape Verdean Creole of S\u00e3o Vicente, especially regarding the lexicon.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, 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