{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "Proportion of native speakers", "domain": [{"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "309-1", "name": "Virtually all"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "309-2", "name": "Most"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkY3RjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "309-3", "name": "Many"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "309-4", "name": "Some"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "309-5", "name": "Virtually none"}]}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "73-309-4", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19650, "valueset_pk": 18190, "domainelement_pk": 960, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 960, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "309-4", "name": "Some", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 235, "number": 4, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 18190, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "73-309", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 71, "parameter_pk": 235, "contribution_pk": 71, "source": null}}], "label": "Media Lengua", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 71, "region": "South America", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 70, "jsondata": {}, "id": "73", "name": "Media Lengua", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -1.816667, "longitude": -78.199997}, "name": "Media Lengua"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-78.199997, -1.816667]}, "id": "73"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "20-309-4", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 5455, "valueset_pk": 4988, "domainelement_pk": 960, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 960, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "309-4", "name": "Some", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 235, "number": 4, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 4988, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "20-309", "description": "Goldmann (1899: 151) states that the children of foreigners in Shanghai were looked after by Chinese amahs who spoke Pidgin English, which is therefore \"the first language which the children learnt\".\nHall (1944: 95) states that one of his informants, Mrs. Helen Groff-Smith, \"learned C[hinese] P[idgin English] as first language\", apparently in similar circumstances.\nIt is likely that such children had multilingual childhoods: Willens (2010: 91), who grew up in Shanghai in the 1930s, recalls switching from Pidgin English to Russian at age 4.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 13, "parameter_pk": 235, "contribution_pk": 13, "source": null}}], "label": "Chinese Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 13, "region": "East Asia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 13, "jsondata": {}, "id": "20", "name": "Chinese Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 23.079733, "longitude": 113.334961}, "name": "Chinese Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [113.334961, 23.079733]}, "id": "20"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "29-309-4", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7897, "valueset_pk": 7224, "domainelement_pk": 960, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 960, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "309-4", "name": "Some", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 235, "number": 4, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 7224, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "29-309", "description": "If I assume the 2001 Census results for number of people for whom Afrikaans is the language most used at home to approximately coincide with number of native speakers of Afrikaans (approx. 6 million speakers), and combine this with Grebe's (cited in Hinskens 2009) observation that the Census 2001 mentions there to be 16.3 million L1 and L2 speakers of Afrikaans, this means that in 2001 supposedly 38 procent of Afrikaans speakers was a native speaker of the language.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 235, "contribution_pk": 22, "source": null}}], "label": "Afrikaans", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 22, "region": "Southern Africa", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 21, "jsondata": {}, "id": "29", "name": "Afrikaans", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -33.866669, "longitude": 18.6}, "name": "Afrikaans"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.6, -33.866669]}, "id": "29"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "71-309-4", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19125, "valueset_pk": 17695, "domainelement_pk": 960, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 960, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "309-4", "name": "Some", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 235, "number": 4, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 17695, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "71-309", "description": "There is evidence of children who learned and spoke Pidgin Hawaiian alongside their ancestral language. I am not sure, though, if I would consider them native speakers. For instance, one of them had a native Hawaiian mother and likely acquired the lexifier but used Pidgin Hawaiian to talk to her Chinese immigrant father.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 69, "parameter_pk": 235, "contribution_pk": 69, "source": "Own data"}}], "label": "Pidgin Hawaiian", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 69, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 68, "jsondata": {}, "id": "71", "name": "Pidgin Hawaiian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 19.8, "longitude": -156.85}, "name": "Pidgin Hawaiian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-156.85, 19.8]}, "id": "71"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "15-309-4", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4064, "valueset_pk": 3733, "domainelement_pk": 960, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 960, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "309-4", "name": "Some", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 235, "number": 4, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 3733, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "15-309", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 7, "parameter_pk": 235, "contribution_pk": 7, "source": null}}], "label": "Krio", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 7, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 7, "jsondata": {}, "id": "15", "name": "Krio", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 8.483333, "longitude": -13.2}, "name": "Krio"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-13.2, 8.483333]}, "id": "15"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "16-309-4", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4347, "valueset_pk": 3989, "domainelement_pk": 960, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 960, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "309-4", "name": "Some", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 235, "number": 4, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 3989, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "16-309", "description": "A few (priviledged) Ghanaian children learn the Student Pidgin variety at home from their fathers who went to secondary school/university. All of these children acquire at least one other language at the same time (an African language or, more rarely, English).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 8, "parameter_pk": 235, "contribution_pk": 8, "source": null}}], "label": "Ghanaian Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 8, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 8, "jsondata": {}, "id": "16", "name": "Ghanaian Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.558582, "longitude": -0.20874}, "name": "Ghanaian Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-0.20874, 5.558582]}, "id": "16"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "27-309-4", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7323, "valueset_pk": 6718, "domainelement_pk": 960, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 960, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "309-4", "name": "Some", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 235, "number": 4, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 6718, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "27-309", "description": "The data of De Josselin de Jong was collected in 1923. All his informants then were at least 60 years old (Van Rossem & Van der Voort 1996) and only this generation still consisted mainly of native speakers.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 235, "contribution_pk": 20, "source": null}}], "label": "Negerhollands", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 20, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 19, "jsondata": {}, "id": "27", "name": "Negerhollands", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 18.333332, "longitude": -64.75}, "name": "Negerhollands"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-64.75, 18.333332]}, "id": "27"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "48-309-4", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 13011, "valueset_pk": 11967, "domainelement_pk": 960, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 960, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "309-4", "name": "Some", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 235, "number": 4, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 11967, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "48-309", "description": "Strange as it may sound, within the context of Palenque, this question is difficult to answer. Today (as throughout much/most of the 20th century), the creole (active knowledge) is generally acquired in adolescence rather than in childhood. Between 1975 and 2000, massive language abandonment (in favour of Spanish) took place; however, a dramatic turn-around of affairs in the new millenium has given the creole a new lifeline. Speaking lengua (Creole) is now fashionable in Palenque, and visitors from far away regularly flock to Palenque to witness its local cultures and language. For additional information, see Schwegler 2011a, Schwegler 2011b and Schwegler 2012.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 43, "parameter_pk": 235, "contribution_pk": 43, "source": null}}], "label": "Palenquero", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 43, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 42, "jsondata": {}, "id": "48", "name": "Palenquero", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 10.10318, "longitude": -75.198807}, "name": "Palenquero"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-75.198807, 10.10318]}, "id": "48"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "68-309-4", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 18390, "valueset_pk": 16995, "domainelement_pk": 960, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 960, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "309-4", "name": "Some", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 235, "number": 4, "abbr": null}, "valueset": {"pk": 16995, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "68-309", "description": "There are approximately 200,000 native speakers out of perhaps up to a million speakers of the language.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 65, "parameter_pk": 235, "contribution_pk": 65, "source": null}}], "label": "Ambon Malay", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 65, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Malay", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 64, "jsondata": {}, "id": "68", "name": "Ambon Malay", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -3.7, "longitude": 128.149994}, "name": "Ambon Malay"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [128.149994, -3.7]}, "id": "68"}]}