{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "Definite articles", "domain": [{"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "28-4", "name": "No definite article, but indefinite article"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "28-5", "name": "Neither definite nor indefinite article"}]}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "58-28-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 15538, "valueset_pk": 14308, "domainelement_pk": 820, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 820, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "28-5", "name": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 4, "abbr": "Neither definite nor indefinite article"}, "valueset": {"pk": 14308, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 5, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "58-28", "description": "Kikongo-Kituba is regarded as lacking a definite article, although the demonstratives yayi and yina can be rendered by 'the' as well.Discourse context determines whether they are interpreted as demonstratives or definite articles. Maybe definiteness can be correlated with anaphoric use, but this has not been investigated. The demonstrative is not obligatory with definite noun phrases; a singular noun often has definite reference unless it combines with the quantifier 'one'.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 54, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 54, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Kikongo-Kituba", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 54, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Bantu", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 53, "jsondata": {}, "id": "58", "name": "Kikongo-Kituba", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -4.565474, "longitude": 17.666016}, "name": "Kikongo-Kituba"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [17.666016, -4.565474]}, "id": "58"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "76-28-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 20267, "valueset_pk": 18752, "domainelement_pk": 820, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 820, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "28-5", "name": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 4, "abbr": "Neither definite nor indefinite article"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18752, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 5, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "76-28", "description": "No articles were found in any Eskimo-based pidgin.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 74, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 74, "source": "Personal inference"}}], "label": "Eskimo Pidgin", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 74, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 73, "jsondata": {}, "id": "76", "name": "Eskimo Pidgin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 70.110481, "longitude": -152.006836}, "name": "Eskimo Pidgin"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-152.006836, 70.110481]}, "id": "76"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "60-28-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16070, "valueset_pk": 14805, "domainelement_pk": 820, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 820, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "28-5", "name": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 4, "abbr": "Neither definite nor indefinite article"}, "valueset": {"pk": 14805, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 5, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "60-28", "description": "There are means, but outside the articles, to express whether the referent of a noun is either, on the one hand, definite or indefinite-specific or, on the other, indefinite-nonspecific. \n\n(a) For singular and plural nouns: \nM\u00f3k\u00f3 ('one') and mos\u00fasu ('other') may be used to determine a noun whose referent is indefinite-specific, i.e. the speaker has a specific referent in mind but wishes to keep it undefined. In this usage type, m\u00f3k\u00f3 and mos\u00fasu are used with singular as well as plural nouns and always remain invariable. \n\nmolakisi m\u00f3k\u00f3 'some/a teacher'\nmilakisi m\u00f3k\u00f3 'some teachers'\nlop\u00e1ngo m\u00f3k\u00f3 \u2018some/a compound\u2019\nmap\u00e1ngo m\u00f3k\u00f3 \u2018some compounds\u2019\n\nmolakisi mos\u00fasu \u2018some teacher\u2019\nmilakisi mos\u00fasu \u2018some teachers\u2019\nlop\u00e1ngo mos\u00fasu \u2018some compound\u2019\nmap\u00e1ngo mos\u00fasu \u2018some compounds\u2019\n\n(b) For plural nouns: \n(i) see the uses of m\u00f3k\u00f3 and mos\u00fasu above\n(ii) The prefix ba- occurs quite frequently as a supplementary prefix. It may be added to both singular and plural nouns, except to nouns in classes 2 and 10, whose primary prefix is already ba- (thus avoiding *ba-ba-). The meaning distinction between on the one hand a noun\u2019s \u201cregular\u201d plural (i.e. formed by changing the primary prefix) and, on the other, its plural produced by adding ba- to its singular or plural form, is the following. The regular plural is used when the referent is indefinite and nonspecific. Informants unanimously respond that supplementary ba- is excluded in such usage types. Supplementary ba- is used when the referent is indefinite-specific or definite. The first sentence below, using the word lik\u00e1s\u00e1 ('leaf', regular plural mak\u00e1s\u00e1) is an example of an indefinite nonspecific referent, the second of an indefinite-specific one, and the third of a definite one.\n\nLuk\u00e9l\u00e1 ng\u00e1\u00ed mak\u00e1s\u00e1 n\u00e1pelisa m\u00f3to\nLuk-\u00e9l-\u00e1 ng\u00e1\u00ed mak\u00e1s\u00e1 n\u00e1-pel-is-a m\u00f3to\n[search-APPL-IMP 1SG leaves 1SG.SUBJ-burn-CAUS-FV fire]\n'Find me leaves so that I can light the fire (i.e., any leaves).'\n\nNam\u00f3n\u00ed bamak\u00e1s\u00e1 ya min\u00e9ne\nNa-m\u00f3n-\u00ed ba-mak\u00e1s\u00e1 ya mi-n\u00e9ne\n[1SG-see-PRS.PRF ba-leaves CONN PL-big]\n'I've seen some big leaves.'\n\nBamak\u00e1s\u00e1 \u00f3yo ezal\u00ed mal\u00e1mu t\u00e9\nBa-mak\u00e1s\u00e1 \u00f3yo e-zal-\u00ed mal\u00e1mu t\u00e9\n[ba-leaves DEM1 3SG.INAN-be-PRS.PRF good NEG]\n\u2018These leaves are not good.\u2019\n\u2003\n", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 57, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 57, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Lingala", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 57, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Bantu", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 56, "jsondata": {}, "id": "60", "name": "Lingala", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -1.675176, "longitude": 16.671753}, "name": "Lingala"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.671753, -1.675176]}, "id": "60"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "62-28-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16603, "valueset_pk": 15309, "domainelement_pk": 820, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 820, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "28-5", "name": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 4, "abbr": "Neither definite nor indefinite article"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15309, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 5, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "62-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 59, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 59, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Mixed Ma\u2019a/Mbugu", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 59, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 58, "jsondata": {}, "id": "62", "name": "Mixed Ma\u2019a/Mbugu", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -4.533333, "longitude": 38.366669}, "name": "Mixed Ma\u2019a/Mbugu"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [38.366669, -4.533333]}, "id": "62"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "64-28-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17132, "valueset_pk": 15810, "domainelement_pk": 820, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 820, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "28-5", "name": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 4, "abbr": "Neither definite nor indefinite article"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15810, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 5, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "64-28", "description": "Juba Arabic does not exhibit either definite and indefinte articles. However, in some cases the proximal demonstrative de can increase the degree of definiteness (see Examples 55, 56, 57).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 61, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 61, "source": null}}], "label": "Juba Arabic", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 61, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Arabic", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 60, "jsondata": {}, "id": "64", "name": "Juba Arabic", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 4.266667, "longitude": 31.016666}, "name": "Juba Arabic"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [31.016666, 4.266667]}, "id": "64"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "65-28-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17402, "valueset_pk": 16060, "domainelement_pk": 820, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 820, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "28-5", "name": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 4, "abbr": "Neither definite nor indefinite article"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16060, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 5, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "65-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 62, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 62, "source": "Own data"}}], "label": "Chinese Pidgin Russian", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 62, "region": "East Asia", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 61, "jsondata": {}, "id": "65", "name": "Chinese Pidgin Russian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.0, "longitude": 134.0}, "name": "Chinese Pidgin Russian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [134.0, 48.0]}, "id": "65"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "68-28-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 18184, "valueset_pk": 16799, "domainelement_pk": 820, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 820, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "28-5", "name": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 4, "abbr": "Neither definite nor indefinite article"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16799, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 5, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "68-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 65, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 65, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Ambon Malay", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 65, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Malay", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 64, "jsondata": {}, "id": "68", "name": "Ambon Malay", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -3.7, "longitude": 128.149994}, "name": "Ambon Malay"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [128.149994, -3.7]}, "id": "68"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "70-28-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 18667, "valueset_pk": 17264, "domainelement_pk": 820, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 820, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "28-5", "name": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 4, "abbr": "Neither definite nor indefinite article"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17264, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 5, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "70-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 68, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 68, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Pidgin Hindustani", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 68, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 67, "jsondata": {}, "id": "70", "name": "Pidgin Hindustani", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -17.905569, "longitude": 178.088379}, "name": "Pidgin Hindustani"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [178.088379, -17.905569]}, "id": "70"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "74-28-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19704, "valueset_pk": 18244, "domainelement_pk": 820, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 820, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFFFF"}, "id": "28-5", "name": "Neither definite nor indefinite article", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 4, "abbr": "Neither definite nor indefinite article"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18244, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFFFF.png", "wals_value_number": 5, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "74-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 72, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 72, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Chinuk Wawa", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 72, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 71, "jsondata": {}, "id": "74", "name": "Chinuk Wawa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 53.700001, "longitude": -127.73333}, "name": "Chinuk Wawa"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-127.73333, 53.700001]}, "id": "74"}]}