{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "Definite articles", "domain": [{"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "28-4", "name": "No definite article, but indefinite article"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "28-5", "name": "Neither definite nor indefinite article"}]}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "20-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 5260, "valueset_pk": 4798, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 4798, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "20-28", "description": "Most of the definite articles in the English texts of Tong (1862) are not rendered in the Chinese Pidgin English versions, showing that bare noun phrases can be interpreted as definite. The demonstrative that/dat is occasionally used as a definite article.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 13, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 13, "source": null}}], "label": "Chinese Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 13, "region": "East Asia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 13, "jsondata": {}, "id": "20", "name": "Chinese Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 23.079733, "longitude": 113.334961}, "name": "Chinese Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [113.334961, 23.079733]}, "id": "20"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "30-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7951, "valueset_pk": 7273, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7273, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "30-28", "description": "Numerous examples in which a noun without determiner shows definite reference show that the Creole of Santiago does not have a true definite article in its system. Occasionally we find a demonstrative adjective (usually kel) where languages that have a definite article would use it, also in associative contexts.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 24, "source": null}}], "label": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 24, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 23, "jsondata": {}, "id": "30", "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 15.083333, "longitude": -22.616667}, "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-22.616667, 15.083333]}, "id": "30"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "44-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 11716, "valueset_pk": 10759, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10759, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "44-28", "description": "Both el and kel are used as definite articles in Ternate Chabacano, but only kel has a demonstrative function.\n\nNote that Steinkr\u00fcger (2007: 369) considers k\u00e9ste as the only demostrative in Ternate Chabacano.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 39, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 39, "source": null}}], "label": "Ternate Chabacano", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 39, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 38, "jsondata": {}, "id": "44", "name": "Ternate Chabacano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 13.269707, "longitude": 120.675201}, "name": "Ternate Chabacano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [120.675201, 13.269707]}, "id": "44"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "69-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 18440, "valueset_pk": 17043, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17043, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "69-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 66, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 66, "source": "Own field notes 1985"}}], "label": "Yimas-Arafundi Pidgin", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 66, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 65, "jsondata": {}, "id": "69", "name": "Yimas-Arafundi Pidgin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -4.666667, "longitude": 143.550003}, "name": "Yimas-Arafundi Pidgin"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [143.550003, -4.666667]}, "id": "69"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "25-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6587, "valueset_pk": 6033, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6033, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "25-28", "description": "The answer to the question of whether definite and indefinite articles exist in Kriol is not straightforward. Sandefur (1979) answers in the negative for both. Nicholls (2006, 2010) argues convincingly for the Roper River variety that the determiner det, derived from the English demonstrative that, has no deictic meaning component and is used as a recognitional determiner \u2013 that is, it is used in situations where the referent of a NP is considered as identifiable by the addressee, including anaphoric contexts. As such it is close in function and grammaticalization status to a definite article; however it is not used obligatorily in all \"definite\" contexts, but only if the identification of the referent is actually at stake and/or the referent is topical. The recognitional determiner also occurs with generic NPs (see Feature 30 \"Generic noun phrases in subject function\") and inherently definite NPs such as proper names. \nSince this determiner, similarly to the German article, simultaneously fills a slot in the demonstrative paradigm and is used as a text-deictic demonstrative, Value 2 is chosen. As it has no spatial deictic value, it is glossed as DEM in the examples.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 18, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 18, "source": "Fieldwork Schultze-Berndt"}}], "label": "Kriol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 18, "region": "Australia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 17, "jsondata": {}, "id": "25", "name": "Kriol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -14.833333, "longitude": 135.0}, "name": "Kriol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [135.0, -14.833333]}, "id": "25"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "61-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16343, "valueset_pk": 15060, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15060, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "61-28", "description": "The definite article lo has neutral tone, whereas demonstrative lo has low tone for proximal and high tone for distal.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 58, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 58, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Fanakalo", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 58, "region": "Southern Africa", "lexifier": "Bantu", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 57, "jsondata": {}, "id": "61", "name": "Fanakalo", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.532656, "longitude": 30.855103}, "name": "Fanakalo"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [30.855103, -28.532656]}, "id": "61"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "1-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 35, "valueset_pk": 29, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 29, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "1-28", "description": "The determiners da (SG) and den (PL) function as definite articles but, on the one hand, they are not always present in definite contexts, and, on the other hand, they can have demonstrative force.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 1, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 1, "source": null}}], "label": "Early Sranan", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 1, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "1", "name": "Early Sranan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.833333, "longitude": -55.6}, "name": "Early Sranan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-55.6, 5.833333]}, "id": "1"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "27-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7119, "valueset_pk": 6528, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6528, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "27-28", "description": "Note that in the examples I have glossed the unaccented form of the demonstrative with reduced vowel as definite article, because the unaccented form with reduced vowel cannot really function as a demonstrative. Still, there does not seem to be a systematic difference between a definite article and a demonstrative (the definite article does not necessarily have a reduced vowel).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 20, "source": null}}], "label": "Negerhollands", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 20, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 19, "jsondata": {}, "id": "27", "name": "Negerhollands", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 18.333332, "longitude": -64.75}, "name": "Negerhollands"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-64.75, 18.333332]}, "id": "27"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "31-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8225, "valueset_pk": 7525, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7525, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "31-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 25, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 25, "source": "own knowledge (Marlyse Baptista)"}}], "label": "Cape Verdean Creole of Brava", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 25, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 24, "jsondata": {}, "id": "31", "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Brava", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 14.833333, "longitude": -24.8}, "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Brava"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-24.8, 14.833333]}, "id": "31"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "32-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8492, "valueset_pk": 7777, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7777, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "32-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 26, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 26, "source": null}}], "label": "Cape Verdean Creole of S\u00e3o Vicente", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 26, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 25, "jsondata": {}, "id": "32", "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of S\u00e3o Vicente", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 16.866667, "longitude": -24.983334}, "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of S\u00e3o Vicente"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-24.983334, 16.866667]}, "id": "32"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "33-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8775, "valueset_pk": 8031, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8031, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "33-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 27, "source": null}}], "label": "Guinea-Bissau Kriyol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 27, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 26, "jsondata": {}, "id": "33", "name": "Guinea-Bissau Kriyol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 11.9, "longitude": -15.0}, "name": "Guinea-Bissau Kriyol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-15.0, 11.9]}, "id": "33"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "39-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 10427, "valueset_pk": 9561, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 9561, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "39-28", "description": "Both demonstratives es and ik\u0259l can function as markers of definiteness. Evidence comes from the fact that their use is often non-anaphoric, and also that they are consistently employed when the head noun is modified by a restrictive relative clause.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 33, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 33, "source": null}}], "label": "Diu Indo-Portuguese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 33, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 32, "jsondata": {}, "id": "39", "name": "Diu Indo-Portuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 20.713087, "longitude": 70.984726}, "name": "Diu Indo-Portuguese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [70.984726, 20.713087]}, "id": "39"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "41-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 10969, "valueset_pk": 10065, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10065, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "41-28", "description": "Demonstratives are used anaphorically - e.g. aka kaazantu in Example 55. Nonanaphoric demonstratives are not commonly used as definite markers - e.g. po\u0256iyaas in the Example 55 is definite but not marked. However, in Example 56, isti seems to be at most very weakly deictic; even more clearly, in Example 44 and 9 isti is neither deictic nor anaphoric. Possible distinction in the use of aka vs. isti needs to be investigated - e.g. isti seems to be used to indicate a generic.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 36, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 36, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Sri Lanka Portuguese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 36, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 35, "jsondata": {}, "id": "41", "name": "Sri Lanka Portuguese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 8.5, "longitude": 81.686096}, "name": "Sri Lanka Portuguese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [81.686096, 8.5]}, "id": "41"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "42-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 11238, "valueset_pk": 10312, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10312, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "42-28", "description": "In Papi\u00e1 Kristang, the form ak\u00e9/ak\u00e9li \u2018that\u2019 seems to have been more bleached of deictic content than the form \u00edsti/\u00edsi \u2018this\u2019. It is important to note that the demonstrative ak\u00e9/ak\u00e9li is considered a definite article because it does occur in associative contexts. Bare definite nouns are also possible.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 37, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 37, "source": null}}], "label": "Papi\u00e1 Kristang", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 37, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 36, "jsondata": {}, "id": "42", "name": "Papi\u00e1 Kristang", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 2.225545, "longitude": 102.251129}, "name": "Papi\u00e1 Kristang"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [102.251129, 2.225545]}, "id": "42"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "43-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 11497, "valueset_pk": 10556, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10556, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "43-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 38, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 38, "source": null}}], "label": "Batavia Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 38, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 37, "jsondata": {}, "id": "43", "name": "Batavia Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -6.716667, "longitude": 107.183334}, "name": "Batavia Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [107.183334, -6.716667]}, "id": "43"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "56-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 15008, "valueset_pk": 13802, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13802, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "56-28", "description": "Seychelles Creole sa is generally not classified as a definite article (see Boll\u00e9e 2004) because it is far from being grammaticalized and used in every instance of a definite reference. But sa shows in some contexts the associative function which is crucial in the definition of definite article in APiCS. As obligatoriness in definite contexts is not a prerequisite for definite-article use, sa must be classified as a definite article here.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 52, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 52, "source": null}}], "label": "Seychelles Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 52, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 51, "jsondata": {}, "id": "56", "name": "Seychelles Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -4.75, "longitude": 55.5}, "name": "Seychelles Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [55.5, -4.75]}, "id": "56"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "63-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16862, "valueset_pk": 15559, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15559, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "63-28", "description": "The demonstrative / definite article is often omitted.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 60, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 60, "source": null}}], "label": "Kinubi", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 60, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Arabic", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 59, "jsondata": {}, "id": "63", "name": "Kinubi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 0.666667, "longitude": 32.083332}, "name": "Kinubi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [32.083332, 0.666667]}, "id": "63"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "67-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17916, "valueset_pk": 16548, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16548, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "67-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 64, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 64, "source": null}}], "label": "Singapore Bazaar Malay", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 64, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Malay", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 63, "jsondata": {}, "id": "67", "name": "Singapore Bazaar Malay", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 1.329226, "longitude": 104.9}, "name": "Singapore Bazaar Malay"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [104.9, 1.329226]}, "id": "67"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "71-28-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 18914, "valueset_pk": 17501, "domainelement_pk": 818, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 818, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 2, "abbr": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17501, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "71-28", "description": "It should be noted that the definite article based on the demonstrative (kela) co-exists with ke/ka which are retained from the lexifier. Kela also sometimes specified indefinite nouns (although there is also an indefinite article akahi 'one' in the singular and kekahi in the plural), and so it glossed as [DET] in the examples, although it usually indicated definiteness. That it was often used with proper nouns also suggests that its function exceeded that of the definite.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 69, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 69, "source": "Own data"}}], "label": "Pidgin Hawaiian", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 69, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 68, "jsondata": {}, "id": "71", "name": "Pidgin Hawaiian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 19.8, "longitude": -156.85}, "name": "Pidgin Hawaiian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-156.85, 19.8]}, "id": "71"}]}