{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "Definite articles", "domain": [{"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "28-2", "name": "Definite article identical to a demonstrative"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "28-4", "name": "No definite article, but indefinite article"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "28-5", "name": "Neither definite nor indefinite article"}]}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "38-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 10164, "valueset_pk": 9314, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 9314, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "38-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 32, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 32, "source": "Own fieldwork"}}], "label": "Fa d\u2019Amb\u00f4", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 32, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 31, "jsondata": {}, "id": "38", "name": "Fa d\u2019Amb\u00f4", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -1.433333, "longitude": 5.633333}, "name": "Fa d\u2019Amb\u00f4"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [5.633333, -1.433333]}, "id": "38"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "46-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12257, "valueset_pk": 11261, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11261, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "46-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 41, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 41, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Zamboanga Chabacano", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 41, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 40, "jsondata": {}, "id": "46", "name": "Zamboanga Chabacano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 7.0, "longitude": 122.083336}, "name": "Zamboanga Chabacano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [122.083336, 7.0]}, "id": "46"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "55-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14726, "valueset_pk": 13546, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13546, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "55-28", "description": "We have a database of 100,000 words covering 1730 to 1930. Examining these data one can see that there has been a slow tendency for sa ... la to become the normal demonstrative and for postposed la to fulfil the function of definite article (sa without la is occasionally encountered as demonstrative.) But one still encounters many examples of postposed -la alone where definite and demonstrative interpretations of its role are equally possible. There are also 1,200,000 speakers of Mauritian Creole and they are all influenced by French and English to some extent. It is thus not possible to adopt a TRUE or FALSE position regarding Values 1 and 2. There is and has long been a strong tendency for sa ... la to be the demonstrative and for postposed unstressed la to gain acceptance as the definite article, but the process is not yet complete.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 51, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 51, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Mauritian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 51, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 50, "jsondata": {}, "id": "55", "name": "Mauritian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -20.0, "longitude": 58.0}, "name": "Mauritian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [58.0, -20.0]}, "id": "55"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "24-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6322, "valueset_pk": 5788, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Uncertain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 5788, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "24-28", "description": "There are many variants of both demonstratives and definite articles. Further study is required. Boundaries between definite articles and demonstratives are unclear in Norf'k. There is considerable variation for both. Plural em/dem is also used with mass nouns, as in em shuga 'the sugar'.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 17, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 17, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Norf'k", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 17, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 16, "jsondata": {}, "id": "24", "name": "Norf'k", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -29.033209, "longitude": 167.957947}, "name": "Norf'k"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [167.957947, -29.033209]}, "id": "24"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "52-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 13907, "valueset_pk": 12786, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Unspecified", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 12786, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "52-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 48, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 48, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Guyanais", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 48, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 47, "jsondata": {}, "id": "52", "name": "Guyanais", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 3.922142, "longitude": -51.792297}, "name": "Guyanais"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-51.792297, 3.922142]}, "id": "52"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "2-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 315, "valueset_pk": 276, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 276, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "2-28", "description": "The definite article is (n)a (singular) and den (plural).\nThe demonstratives are disi \u2018this\u2019 and dati \u2018that\u2019.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 12, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 12, "source": null}}], "label": "Sranan", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 12, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 12, "jsondata": {}, "id": "2", "name": "Sranan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.833333, "longitude": -55.0}, "name": "Sranan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-55.0, 5.833333]}, "id": "2"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "3-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 585, "valueset_pk": 521, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 521, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "3-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 23, "source": "Fieldwork data"}}], "label": "Saramaccan", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 23, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 22, "jsondata": {}, "id": "3", "name": "Saramaccan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 4.5, "longitude": -55.5}, "name": "Saramaccan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-55.5, 4.5]}, "id": "3"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "4-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 861, "valueset_pk": 772, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 772, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "4-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 34, "source": null}}], "label": "Nengee", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 34, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 33, "jsondata": {}, "id": "4", "name": "Nengee", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 4.302591, "longitude": -54.415283}, "name": "Nengee"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-54.415283, 4.302591]}, "id": "4"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "5-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 1135, "valueset_pk": 1023, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 1023, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "5-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 45, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 45, "source": null}}], "label": "Creolese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 45, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 44, "jsondata": {}, "id": "5", "name": "Creolese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 6.8, "longitude": -58.166668}, "name": "Creolese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-58.166668, 6.8]}, "id": "5"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "6-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 1418, "valueset_pk": 1275, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 1275, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "6-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 56, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 56, "source": null}}], "label": "Trinidad English Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 56, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 55, "jsondata": {}, "id": "6", "name": "Trinidad English Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 10.633333, "longitude": -61.283333}, "name": "Trinidad English Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-61.283333, 10.633333]}, "id": "6"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "7-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 1683, "valueset_pk": 1522, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 1522, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "7-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 67, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 67, "source": null}}], "label": "Vincentian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 67, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 66, "jsondata": {}, "id": "7", "name": "Vincentian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 13.133333, "longitude": -61.216667}, "name": "Vincentian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-61.216667, 13.133333]}, "id": "7"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "8-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 1965, "valueset_pk": 1774, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 1774, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "8-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 75, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 75, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Jamaican", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 75, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 74, "jsondata": {}, "id": "8", "name": "Jamaican", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 18.0, "longitude": -77.5}, "name": "Jamaican"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-77.5, 18.0]}, "id": "8"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "9-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2234, "valueset_pk": 2027, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2027, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "9-28", "description": "The definite article can be associated with a locative d\u025b for a demonstrative value (Example 20), but cannot carry a demonstrative function by itself.\n\nThe singular demonstrative form dat varies phonetically (da/dat, see Example 62). Dat does not co-occur with the definite article di, but it can function as an anaphoric device, similar to a definite article (Example 62).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 76, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 76, "source": null}}], "label": "Belizean Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 76, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 75, "jsondata": {}, "id": "9", "name": "Belizean Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 17.533333, "longitude": -88.25}, "name": "Belizean Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-88.25, 17.533333]}, "id": "9"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "10-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2513, "valueset_pk": 2279, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2279, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "10-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 2, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 2, "source": null}}], "label": "San Andres Creole English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 2, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "10", "name": "San Andres Creole English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 13.35, "longitude": -81.366669}, "name": "San Andres Creole English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-81.366669, 13.35]}, "id": "10"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "11-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2771, "valueset_pk": 2531, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2531, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "11-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 3, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 3, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Nicaraguan Creole English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 3, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 3, "jsondata": {}, "id": "11", "name": "Nicaraguan Creole English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 12.0, "longitude": -83.75}, "name": "Nicaraguan Creole English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-83.75, 12.0]}, "id": "11"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "12-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3043, "valueset_pk": 2783, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2783, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "12-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 4, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 4, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Bahamian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 4, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 4, "jsondata": {}, "id": "12", "name": "Bahamian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 25.053879, "longitude": -77.33963}, "name": "Bahamian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-77.33963, 25.053879]}, "id": "12"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "13-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3322, "valueset_pk": 3037, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 3037, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "13-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 5, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 5, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Gullah", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 5, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 5, "jsondata": {}, "id": "13", "name": "Gullah", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 31.0, "longitude": -81.5}, "name": "Gullah"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-81.5, 31.0]}, "id": "13"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "14-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3597, "valueset_pk": 3289, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 3289, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "14-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 6, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 6, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "African American English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 6, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 6, "jsondata": {}, "id": "14", "name": "African American English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 37.282795, "longitude": -85.12207}, "name": "African American English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-85.12207, 37.282795]}, "id": "14"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "15-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3861, "valueset_pk": 3537, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 3537, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "15-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 7, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 7, "source": null}}], "label": "Krio", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 7, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 7, "jsondata": {}, "id": "15", "name": "Krio", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 8.483333, "longitude": -13.2}, "name": "Krio"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-13.2, 8.483333]}, "id": "15"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "16-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4124, "valueset_pk": 3788, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 3788, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "16-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 8, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 8, "source": null}}], "label": "Ghanaian Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 8, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 8, "jsondata": {}, "id": "16", "name": "Ghanaian Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.558582, "longitude": -0.20874}, "name": "Ghanaian Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-0.20874, 5.558582]}, "id": "16"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "17-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4409, "valueset_pk": 4044, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 4044, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "17-28", "description": "The definite article d\u00ec is used optionally.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 9, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 9, "source": null}}], "label": "Nigerian Pidgin", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 9, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 9, "jsondata": {}, "id": "17", "name": "Nigerian Pidgin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 6.358975, "longitude": 5.564575}, "name": "Nigerian Pidgin"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [5.564575, 6.358975]}, "id": "17"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "18-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4704, "valueset_pk": 4296, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 4296, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "18-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 10, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 10, "source": null}}], "label": "Cameroon Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 10, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 10, "jsondata": {}, "id": "18", "name": "Cameroon Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 3.383333, "longitude": 9.966667}, "name": "Cameroon Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [9.966667, 3.383333]}, "id": "18"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "19-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4975, "valueset_pk": 4547, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 4547, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "19-28", "description": "The definite article is the low-toned form /di/ (written with a grave accent over /i/). This form must be distinguished from the high-toned demonstrative pronoun /di/ (written without a diacritic mark like all high-toned monosyllables).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 11, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 11, "source": null}}], "label": "Pichi", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 11, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 11, "jsondata": {}, "id": "19", "name": "Pichi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 3.754634, "longitude": 8.779449}, "name": "Pichi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.779449, 3.754634]}, "id": "19"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "21-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 5505, "valueset_pk": 5033, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 5033, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "21-28", "description": "The definite article is not obligatory.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 14, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 14, "source": null}}], "label": "Singlish", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 14, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": null, "jsondata": {}, "id": "21", "name": "Singlish", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 1.33, "longitude": 101.7}, "name": "Singlish"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [101.7, 1.33]}, "id": "21"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "26-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6856, "valueset_pk": 6278, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6278, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "26-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 19, "source": null}}], "label": "Hawai\u2018i Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 19, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 18, "jsondata": {}, "id": "26", "name": "Hawai\u2018i Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 21.5, "longitude": -158.0}, "name": "Hawai\u2018i Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-158.0, 21.5]}, "id": "26"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "28-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7379, "valueset_pk": 6770, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6770, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "28-28", "description": "The anaphoric type of unique identifiability, which is discourse-based, involves the use of the prenominal definite determiner di. Where the unique identifiability of a referent is based on cultural or pragmatic knowledge, it is signalled by a null definite determiner. Finally, the definite article can also be used with generic reference. See Kouwenberg (2007) for discussion.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 21, "source": null}}], "label": "Berbice Dutch", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 21, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 20, "jsondata": {}, "id": "28", "name": "Berbice Dutch", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.611373, "longitude": -57.870827}, "name": "Berbice Dutch"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-57.870827, 5.611373]}, "id": "28"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "29-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7664, "valueset_pk": 7023, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7023, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "29-28", "description": "The problem is that die ('the') differs from hierdie ('this, these') and daardie ('that, those'), but is nearly homophonous with di\u00e9 ('this') \u2014 the sole difference being one of strength, with the demonstrative being necessarily stressed, whereas the article is neutrally unstressed.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 22, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Afrikaans", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 22, "region": "Southern Africa", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 21, "jsondata": {}, "id": "29", "name": "Afrikaans", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -33.866669, "longitude": 18.6}, "name": "Afrikaans"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.6, -33.866669]}, "id": "29"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "35-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 9331, "valueset_pk": 8544, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8544, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "35-28", "description": "Prenominal marker inen ~ nen bears simultaneously a plural and a definite value.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 29, "source": null}}], "label": "Santome", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 29, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 28, "jsondata": {}, "id": "35", "name": "Santome", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 0.33285, "longitude": 6.88}, "name": "Santome"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [6.88, 0.33285]}, "id": "35"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "45-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 11987, "valueset_pk": 11010, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11010, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "45-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 40, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 40, "source": null}}], "label": "Cavite Chabacano", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 40, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 39, "jsondata": {}, "id": "45", "name": "Cavite Chabacano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 14.7, "longitude": 120.9}, "name": "Cavite Chabacano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [120.9, 14.7]}, "id": "45"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "47-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12519, "valueset_pk": 11507, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11507, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "47-28", "description": "The contexts which require the definite article are not well known. Thus, Maduro (1971: 20) cites several cases of \"wrong\" usage of the definite article. Many of these are explained by Kester & Schmitt's (2007) observation that the definite article is discourse-linked, hence cannot denote a kind in Papiamentu.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 42, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 42, "source": null}}], "label": "Papiamentu", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 42, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 41, "jsondata": {}, "id": "47", "name": "Papiamentu", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 12.25, "longitude": -69.0}, "name": "Papiamentu"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-69.0, 12.25]}, "id": "47"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "49-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 13071, "valueset_pk": 12021, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 12021, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "49-28", "description": "The definite article is used in anaphoric situations, e.g. M f\u00e8k achte yon b\u00e8l kay. Lasal la gran anpil. 'I just bought a nice house. The living room is very large.' (example constructed by author)", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 44, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 44, "source": null}}], "label": "Haitian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 44, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 43, "jsondata": {}, "id": "49", "name": "Haitian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 19.0, "longitude": -72.5}, "name": "Haitian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-72.5, 19.0]}, "id": "49"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "50-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 13353, "valueset_pk": 12274, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 12274, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "50-28", "description": "The definite article is always linked to the preceding noun with a dash, which is a purely typographical (arbitrary) convention.\nThe definite article is often used as a bracket of relative clauses, e.g. S\u00e9 tifi ki m\u00e8g-la nou ka pal\u00e9, 'It is the girl who is thin we are speaking of' (Ludwig et al. 2002: 22).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 46, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 46, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Guadeloupean Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 46, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 45, "jsondata": {}, "id": "50", "name": "Guadeloupean Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 15.933333, "longitude": -61.266666}, "name": "Guadeloupean Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-61.266666, 15.933333]}, "id": "50"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "51-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 13635, "valueset_pk": 12530, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 12530, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "51-28", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 47, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 47, "source": null}}], "label": "Martinican Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 47, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 46, "jsondata": {}, "id": "51", "name": "Martinican Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 14.633333, "longitude": -60.983334}, "name": "Martinican Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-60.983334, 14.633333]}, "id": "51"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "53-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14172, "valueset_pk": 13038, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13038, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "53-28", "description": "Preposed articles are a sign of decreolization. In the 19th century, postposed -la was used.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 49, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 49, "source": null}}], "label": "Louisiana Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 49, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 48, "jsondata": {}, "id": "53", "name": "Louisiana Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 30.166668, "longitude": -91.833336}, "name": "Louisiana Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-91.833336, 30.166668]}, "id": "53"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "54-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14448, "valueset_pk": 13290, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13290, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "54-28", "description": "Definite and demonstrative can co-occur (see also Feature 31 \"Cooccurrence of demonstrative and definite article\").", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 50, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 50, "source": null}}], "label": "Reunion Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 50, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 49, "jsondata": {}, "id": "54", "name": "Reunion Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -20.950001, "longitude": 55.650002}, "name": "Reunion Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [55.650002, -20.950001]}, "id": "54"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "59-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 15794, "valueset_pk": 14554, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 14554, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "59-28", "description": "In Samarin (1967) I made the mistake of considering ni (with high tone) as both the \"restrictive\" (now called the \"determinant\", i.e. definite article) and a pronoun. The latter is ni with a mid tone, which has a logophoric function. \n\nIn the 1990s I found that the determinant is being used as a pronoun for inanimate objects since lo 3SG is used for human beings. But as early as the 1950s one could say (and can still say) ni laa [DET FOC] 'That's it.' \n\nThe co-occurrence of ni so as in Example 99 is common; they clearly have two functions.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 55, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 55, "source": null}}], "label": "Sango", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 55, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 54, "jsondata": {}, "id": "59", "name": "Sango", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.0, "longitude": 18.0}, "name": "Sango"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.0, 5.0]}, "id": "59"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "72-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19187, "valueset_pk": 17750, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17750, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "72-28", "description": "The definite determiner is derived from the English demonstrative that, but it does not function as a demonstrative in Gurindji Kriol. The Gurindji Kriol demonstratives are the Gurindji-derived forms nyila 'that' and nyawa 'this'. More rarely the Kriol-derived darran (< that one, distal) and dijan (< this one, proximal) are found.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 70, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 70, "source": null}}], "label": "Gurindji Kriol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 70, "region": "Australia", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 69, "jsondata": {}, "id": "72", "name": "Gurindji Kriol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -17.450001, "longitude": 130.983337}, "name": "Gurindji Kriol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [130.983337, -17.450001]}, "id": "72"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "75-28-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19985, "valueset_pk": 18500, "domainelement_pk": 817, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 817, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "28-1", "name": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 202, "number": 1, "abbr": "Definite article distinct from demonstratives"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18500, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "wals_value_number": 1, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "75-28", "description": "Demonstratives are from Cree, sometimes in a function similar to definite articles. They have different forms for the two genders (e.g. awa 'animate singular', uuma 'inanimate singular') and also in plural. \nDefinite articles are from French. They have different forms for the two genders (li 'masculine'; la 'feminine'; plural for both genders lii). \nWhen a Cree demonstrative is used, a French definite article is also used. \n\nOn the other hand, it is not really definiteness or specificity that characterizes the use of li and la.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 73, "parameter_pk": 202, "contribution_pk": 73, "source": null}}], "label": "Michif", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 73, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 72, "jsondata": {}, "id": "75", "name": "Michif", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.833332, "longitude": -99.800003}, "name": "Michif"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-99.800003, 48.833332]}, "id": "75"}]}