{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "Special dependent person forms for subject and object", "domain": [{"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "17-1", "name": "No dependent person forms"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "17-3", "name": "Only dependent object forms"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "17-4", "name": "Dependent subject and object forms"}]}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "2-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 304, "valueset_pk": 265, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 265, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "2-17", "description": "The dependent form of the 3rd person singular pronoun is a (when used as subject of a verb), while the form en (also the object form) is used as the independent form when used as an elliptical answer. (Compare English him.)", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 12, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 12, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Sranan", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 12, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 12, "jsondata": {}, "id": "2", "name": "Sranan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.833333, "longitude": -55.0}, "name": "Sranan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-55.0, 5.833333]}, "id": "2"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "4-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 849, "valueset_pk": 761, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 761, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "4-17", "description": "The contrast betweebn dependent and indepndent personal pronouns is quite limited: Only a, the third person singular pronoun, cannot occur under focus or as an answer to a question (where the independent form en must be used). Huttar & Huttar (1994: 459) argue that pronouns are reduced in non-emphatic position.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 34, "source": null}}], "label": "Nengee", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 34, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 33, "jsondata": {}, "id": "4", "name": "Nengee", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 4.302591, "longitude": -54.415283}, "name": "Nengee"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-54.415283, 4.302591]}, "id": "4"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "25-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6573, "valueset_pk": 6022, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6022, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "25-17", "description": "A difference between dependent and independent pronoun is not made throughout the whole pronominal paradigm but it is made for the first person singular subject (ai vs. mi). In the 3rd person plural, olabat is used as independent and dependent pronoun while thei ~ dei is restricted to dependent function.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 18, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 18, "source": "Fieldwork Schultze-Berndt"}}], "label": "Kriol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 18, "region": "Australia", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 17, "jsondata": {}, "id": "25", "name": "Kriol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -14.833333, "longitude": 135.0}, "name": "Kriol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [135.0, -14.833333]}, "id": "25"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "53-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14160, "valueset_pk": 13027, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13027, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "53-17", "description": "We are confident of the existence of dependent subject pronouns in Louisiana Creole, but less certain of the existence of dependent object pronouns. In the examples, the object forms li, twa (both used here as indirect, not direct objects), and sa can all be used, for example, in elliptical answers without a verb.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 49, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 49, "source": null}}], "label": "Louisiana Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 49, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 48, "jsondata": {}, "id": "53", "name": "Louisiana Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 30.166668, "longitude": -91.833336}, "name": "Louisiana Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-91.833336, 30.166668]}, "id": "53"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "57-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 15270, "valueset_pk": 14044, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 14044, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "57-17", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 53, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 53, "source": "own knowledge Ehrhart"}}], "label": "Tayo", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 53, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 52, "jsondata": {}, "id": "57", "name": "Tayo", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -22.0, "longitude": 166.333328}, "name": "Tayo"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [166.333328, -22.0]}, "id": "57"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "1-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 23, "valueset_pk": 18, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Intermediate", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "1-17", "description": "The existence of a dependent subject form is very certain: 3SG a vs. independent hem occurring as emphatic subject, co-referential subject, object. \n2SG jie may be a dependent variant of yu; attested as subject in one source. \n\nWriting as one word sometimes seems to indicate dependency. E.g., when followed by no, the sequence is sometimes written as one word, not only with a=no [3SG.SBJ=NEG], but also with mi=no [1SG=NEG] (Van Dyk c1765). At least once, 1SG mi is written together with the verb it is the object of.\n\nBy contrast, dependent object pronouns are uncertain. Attested as indirect object: 2SG -u (vs. yu) dependent indirect object of gi 'give' (not attested with other verbs). \nPerhaps reduced variants of pronouns did occur as dependent direct object but were not differentiated from the full forms in the writing.\n \nSee Examples & Comments.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 1, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 1, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Early Sranan", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 1, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 1, "jsondata": {}, "id": "1", "name": "Early Sranan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.833333, "longitude": -55.6}, "name": "Early Sranan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-55.6, 5.833333]}, "id": "1"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "3-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 574, "valueset_pk": 510, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 510, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "3-17", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 23, "source": null}}], "label": "Saramaccan", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 23, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 22, "jsondata": {}, "id": "3", "name": "Saramaccan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 4.5, "longitude": -55.5}, "name": "Saramaccan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-55.5, 4.5]}, "id": "3"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "8-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 1953, "valueset_pk": 1763, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 1763, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "8-17", "description": "Those personal pronouns which historically end with nasal consonants (im [3SG], dem [3PL]) have phonetic counterparts with nasal vowels (ihn and dehn), which represent the spread of the nasal feature to the preceding vowel followed by the loss of the consonant.\n\nIhn and dehn can only be used in subject position, cannot occur in an elliptical, verbless answer, and cannot be focused.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 75, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 75, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Jamaican", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 75, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 74, "jsondata": {}, "id": "8", "name": "Jamaican", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 18.0, "longitude": -77.5}, "name": "Jamaican"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-77.5, 18.0]}, "id": "8"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "9-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2221, "valueset_pk": 2016, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2016, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "9-17", "description": "A or mi can both occur as 1SG subject pronouns, but only mi occurs as independent pronoun (in elliptical or emphatic answers).\nI and im can occur as 3SG subject pronouns, but only im occurs as independent pronoun.\nDey and dem can occur as 3PL subject pronouns, but only dem occurs as independent pronoun.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 76, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 76, "source": null}}], "label": "Belizean Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 76, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 75, "jsondata": {}, "id": "9", "name": "Belizean Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 17.533333, "longitude": -88.25}, "name": "Belizean Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-88.25, 17.533333]}, "id": "9"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "36-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 9603, "valueset_pk": 8795, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8795, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "36-17", "description": "Only two personal pronouns have different dependent and independent forms: n vs. am '1SG' and \u00ea vs. \u00eal\u00ea '3SG'.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 30, "source": null}}], "label": "Angolar", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 30, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 29, "jsondata": {}, "id": "36", "name": "Angolar", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 0.134582, "longitude": 6.48}, "name": "Angolar"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [6.48, 0.134582]}, "id": "36"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "46-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12245, "valueset_pk": 11250, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11250, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "46-17", "description": "The postposed pronoun of the third person singular always behaves as an enclitic with only one syllable (instead of two). Especially young speakers use the dependent subject pronoun ka (of Philippine origin) for the second person singular.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 41, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 41, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Zamboanga Chabacano", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 41, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 40, "jsondata": {}, "id": "46", "name": "Zamboanga Chabacano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 7.0, "longitude": 122.083336}, "name": "Zamboanga Chabacano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [122.083336, 7.0]}, "id": "46"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "48-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12784, "valueset_pk": 11749, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11749, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "48-17", "description": "Dependent subject pronouns exist, but only for the singular forms, where they are:\ni [1SG]\nbo [2SG] (phonetic variant = o)\ne [3SG]\n\nEach of these forms appears to have been derived from Kikongo (substrate) sources, but the actual formation of each of these elements must have been complex (for details, see Schwegler 2002).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 43, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 43, "source": "Schwegler 2002"}}], "label": "Palenquero", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 43, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 42, "jsondata": {}, "id": "48", "name": "Palenquero", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 10.10318, "longitude": -75.198807}, "name": "Palenquero"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-75.198807, 10.10318]}, "id": "48"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "50-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 13342, "valueset_pk": 12263, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 12263, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "50-17", "description": "There are two possible forms for the 1SG, mwen and an, which can both occur indifferently in subject or object position. So, there is free variation. \nBut while mwen may be independent, an cannot.\nThere is also a difference between the dependent pronoun i (3SG) and independent li (3SG), as well as dependent ou (2SG) vs. independent vou (2SG).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 46, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 46, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Guadeloupean Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 46, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 45, "jsondata": {}, "id": "50", "name": "Guadeloupean Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 15.933333, "longitude": -61.266666}, "name": "Guadeloupean Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-61.266666, 15.933333]}, "id": "50"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "51-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 13624, "valueset_pk": 12519, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 12519, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "51-17", "description": "There are two possible forms for the 1SG, mwen and man; they can both occur in subject position, but only mwen can occur in object position. And while mwen may be independent, man cannot.\nThere is also a difference between the 3SG dependent subject form i and the 3SG independent form li, as well as the 2SG dependent subject form ou vs. the 2SG independent form wou.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 47, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 47, "source": null}}], "label": "Martinican Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 47, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 46, "jsondata": {}, "id": "51", "name": "Martinican Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 14.633333, "longitude": -60.983334}, "name": "Martinican Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-60.983334, 14.633333]}, "id": "51"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "54-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14435, "valueset_pk": 13279, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13279, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "54-17", "description": "The subject pronouns have unreduced (mwen, to/ou, li~el, nou, zot, zot), and reduced forms (m-, t-/v-, l-, n-; not in the 2PL and 3PL).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 50, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 50, "source": null}}], "label": "Reunion Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 50, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 49, "jsondata": {}, "id": "54", "name": "Reunion Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -20.950001, "longitude": 55.650002}, "name": "Reunion Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [55.650002, -20.950001]}, "id": "54"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "55-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14714, "valueset_pk": 13535, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13535, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "55-17", "description": "The primary distinction between dependent pronouns and independent pronouns in Mauritian Creole is that independent pronouns are always stressed. In other words nu 'we' (unstressed) is dependent whereas nu (stressed) is independent. The same applies to all the personal pronouns. In addition, there are special dependent subject pronouns in the 1SG (mo, vs. object/independent pronoun mwa) and in the familiar 2SG (to, vs. object/independent pronoun twa).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 51, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 51, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Mauritian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 51, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 50, "jsondata": {}, "id": "55", "name": "Mauritian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -20.0, "longitude": 58.0}, "name": "Mauritian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [58.0, -20.0]}, "id": "55"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "56-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14995, "valueset_pk": 13791, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13791, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "56-17", "description": "Special dependent subject pronouns exist in 1sg and 3sg: mon (dependent) vs. mwan (independent), i (dependent) vs. li (independent). In object position only the independent pronouns can be used. In all other persons there is no difference between dependent and independent personal pronouns.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 52, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 52, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Seychelles Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 52, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 51, "jsondata": {}, "id": "56", "name": "Seychelles Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -4.75, "longitude": 55.5}, "name": "Seychelles Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [55.5, -4.75]}, "id": "56"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "60-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16058, "valueset_pk": 14794, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 14794, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "60-17", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 57, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 57, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Lingala", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 57, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Bantu", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 56, "jsondata": {}, "id": "60", "name": "Lingala", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -1.675176, "longitude": 16.671753}, "name": "Lingala"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.671753, -1.675176]}, "id": "60"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "73-17-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19446, "valueset_pk": 17990, "domainelement_pk": 326, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 326, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "17-2", "name": "Only dependent subject forms", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 80, "number": 2, "abbr": "Only dependent subject forms"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17990, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "73-17", "description": "Media Lengua has subject person suffixes on verbs, but otherwise no dependent/independent distinction.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 71, "parameter_pk": 80, "contribution_pk": 71, "source": null}}], "label": "Media Lengua", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 71, "region": "South America", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 70, "jsondata": {}, "id": "73", "name": "Media Lengua", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -1.816667, "longitude": -78.199997}, "name": "Media Lengua"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-78.199997, -1.816667]}, "id": "73"}]}