{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "Tone", "domain": [{"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "120-1", "name": "No tone distinctions"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "120-2", "name": "Reduced tone system"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "120-3", "name": "Simple system, for lexical distinctions only"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojODAwMDgwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "120-5", "name": "Simple tone system, for lexical and grammatical distinctions"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "120-8", "name": "Complex tone system, for lexical and grammatical distinctions"}]}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "36-120-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 9720, "valueset_pk": 8896, "domainelement_pk": 114, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 114, "jsondata": {"color": "800080"}, "id": "120-5", "name": "Simple tone system, for lexical and grammatical distinctions", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 4, "abbr": "Simple system, lexical and grammatical"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8896, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-800080.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "36-120", "description": "Maurer (1995: 10\u201323) offers a very preliminary analysis of the tone system of Angolar, which has to be seriously amended.\nMy 2008 data improve the analysis only very basically.\n\nThe audio files show disyllabic nouns in subject position followed by the future marker ka; the verbs are different but since they exhibit the same tonal structure, the frame for the disyllabic nouns can be considered the same.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 30, "source": "Own fieldwork data 2008"}}], "label": "Angolar", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojODAwMDgwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 30, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 29, "jsondata": {}, "id": "36", "name": "Angolar", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 0.134582, "longitude": 6.48}, "name": "Angolar"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [6.48, 0.134582]}, "id": "36"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "3-120-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 698, "valueset_pk": 612, "domainelement_pk": 114, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 114, "jsondata": {"color": "800080"}, "id": "120-5", "name": "Simple tone system, for lexical and grammatical distinctions", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 4, "abbr": "Simple system, lexical and grammatical"}, "valueset": {"pk": 612, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-800080.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "3-120", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 23, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 23, "source": "Fieldwork data"}}], "label": "Saramaccan", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojODAwMDgwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 23, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 22, "jsondata": {}, "id": "3", "name": "Saramaccan", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 4.5, "longitude": -55.5}, "name": "Saramaccan"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-55.5, 4.5]}, "id": "3"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "15-120-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 3959, "valueset_pk": 3628, "domainelement_pk": 114, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 114, "jsondata": {"color": "800080"}, "id": "120-5", "name": "Simple tone system, for lexical and grammatical distinctions", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 4, "abbr": "Simple system, lexical and grammatical"}, "valueset": {"pk": 3628, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-800080.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "15-120", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 7, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 7, "source": null}}], "label": "Krio", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojODAwMDgwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 7, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 7, "jsondata": {}, "id": "15", "name": "Krio", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 8.483333, "longitude": -13.2}, "name": "Krio"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-13.2, 8.483333]}, "id": "15"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "17-120-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4539, "valueset_pk": 4136, "domainelement_pk": 114, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 114, "jsondata": {"color": "800080"}, "id": "120-5", "name": "Simple tone system, for lexical and grammatical distinctions", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 4, "abbr": "Simple system, lexical and grammatical"}, "valueset": {"pk": 4136, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-800080.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "17-120", "description": "In Nigerian Pidgin's simple tone system with derived complex tones, tones are used for both lexical and grammatical distinctions. There is basically a two-tone system plus a rare (in most cases post-lexical) downstepped high tone. Most lexical items have a single underlying tone that interacts with phrasal stress. Falling and rising contour tones occur as the result of the interaction between phrasal stress and tone (a stressed H becomes HL and a stressed L becomes LH). There is a large set of lexical items, all of which come from African languages, all of whose syllables are specified for tone underlyingly and none of which undergo any modification in pitch due to phrasal stress.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 9, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 9, "source": null}}], "label": "Nigerian Pidgin", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojODAwMDgwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 9, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 9, "jsondata": {}, "id": "17", "name": "Nigerian Pidgin", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 6.358975, "longitude": 5.564575}, "name": "Nigerian Pidgin"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [5.564575, 6.358975]}, "id": "17"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "19-120-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 5097, "valueset_pk": 4639, "domainelement_pk": 114, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 114, "jsondata": {"color": "800080"}, "id": "120-5", "name": "Simple tone system, for lexical and grammatical distinctions", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 4, "abbr": "Simple system, lexical and grammatical"}, "valueset": {"pk": 4639, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-800080.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "19-120", "description": "Pichi features a mixed suprasegmental system in which individual words may be classified as pitch-accented (one high tone per root) or tonal (several high or low tones per root). The tonal component of the lexicon is considerably smaller (approx. 5%) than the pitch-accented one (approx. 95%).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 11, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 11, "source": "Field data"}}], "label": "Pichi", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojODAwMDgwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 11, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 11, "jsondata": {}, "id": "19", "name": "Pichi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 3.754634, "longitude": 8.779449}, "name": "Pichi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [8.779449, 3.754634]}, "id": "19"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "35-120-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 9440, "valueset_pk": 8636, "domainelement_pk": 114, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 114, "jsondata": {"color": "800080"}, "id": "120-5", "name": "Simple tone system, for lexical and grammatical distinctions", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 4, "abbr": "Simple system, lexical and grammatical"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8636, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-800080.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "35-120", "description": "Ferraz (1979) claims that Santome lacks phonologically signficant tone, although it is used as a stylistic or emphatic device. Maurer (2008), however, argues that Santome has a simple tone system with a two-way contrast. The examples are taken from Maurer (2008).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 29, "source": null}}], "label": "Santome", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojODAwMDgwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 29, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 28, "jsondata": {}, "id": "35", "name": "Santome", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 0.33285, "longitude": 6.88}, "name": "Santome"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [6.88, 0.33285]}, "id": "35"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "37-120-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 10002, "valueset_pk": 9153, "domainelement_pk": 114, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 114, "jsondata": {"color": "800080"}, "id": "120-5", "name": "Simple tone system, for lexical and grammatical distinctions", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 4, "abbr": "Simple system, lexical and grammatical"}, "valueset": {"pk": 9153, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-800080.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "37-120", "description": "All four tonal oppositions occur only in certain frames, as for instance in a frame containing the tense marker ka 'future'. In the examples, there are four sound files which illustrate the four possible tone melodies associated with disyllabic nouns, namely HH, HL, LH, LL.\nGrammatical tone is used for distinguishing nouns from verbs.\n\nA different analysis of tone was proposed in G\u00fcnther (1973) and in Traill & Ferraz (1981).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 31, "source": null}}], "label": "Principense", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojODAwMDgwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 31, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 30, "jsondata": {}, "id": "37", "name": "Principense", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 1.616667, "longitude": 7.366667}, "name": "Principense"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [7.366667, 1.616667]}, "id": "37"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "60-120-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16178, "valueset_pk": 14897, "domainelement_pk": 114, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 114, "jsondata": {"color": "800080"}, "id": "120-5", "name": "Simple tone system, for lexical and grammatical distinctions", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 4, "abbr": "Simple system, lexical and grammatical"}, "valueset": {"pk": 14897, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-800080.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "60-120", "description": "Compound tones also occur: A falling tone is a combination of a high and a low toneme; a rising tone is a combination of a low and a high toneme. Compound tones are always analyzable, either synchronically or diachronically, and never contrast with single tones in lexical or grammatical semantics.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 57, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 57, "source": null}}], "label": "Lingala", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojODAwMDgwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 57, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Bantu", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 56, "jsondata": {}, "id": "60", "name": "Lingala", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -1.675176, "longitude": 16.671753}, "name": "Lingala"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.671753, -1.675176]}, "id": "60"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "62-120-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16690, "valueset_pk": 15393, "domainelement_pk": 114, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 114, "jsondata": {"color": "800080"}, "id": "120-5", "name": "Simple tone system, for lexical and grammatical distinctions", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 4, "abbr": "Simple system, lexical and grammatical"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15393, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-800080.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "62-120", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 59, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 59, "source": null}}], "label": "Mixed Ma\u2019a/Mbugu", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojODAwMDgwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 59, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 58, "jsondata": {}, "id": "62", "name": "Mixed Ma\u2019a/Mbugu", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -4.533333, "longitude": 38.366669}, "name": "Mixed Ma\u2019a/Mbugu"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [38.366669, -4.533333]}, "id": "62"}]}