{"type": "FeatureCollection", "properties": {"layer": "", "name": "Tone", "domain": [{"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRkZGOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "120-1", "name": "No tone distinctions"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "120-2", "name": "Reduced tone system"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "120-3", "name": "Simple system, for lexical distinctions only"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojODAwMDgwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "120-5", "name": "Simple tone system, for lexical and grammatical distinctions"}, {"icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojMDAwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "id": "120-8", "name": "Complex tone system, for lexical and grammatical distinctions"}]}, "features": [{"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "16-120-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 4238, "valueset_pk": 3880, "domainelement_pk": 112, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 112, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "120-2", "name": "Reduced tone system", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 2, "abbr": "Reduced tone system"}, "valueset": {"pk": 3880, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "16-120", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 8, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 8, "source": null}}], "label": "Ghanaian Pidgin English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 8, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 8, "jsondata": {}, "id": "16", "name": "Ghanaian Pidgin English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.558582, "longitude": -0.20874}, "name": "Ghanaian Pidgin English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-0.20874, 5.558582]}, "id": "16"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "61-120-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16443, "valueset_pk": 15149, "domainelement_pk": 112, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 112, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "120-2", "name": "Reduced tone system", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 2, "abbr": "Reduced tone system"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15149, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "61-120", "description": "The demonstrative lo has two forms ('this' vs. 'that' differentiated by low and high tone). Likewise lo with high tone is a relative particle; lo with no tone marking is the article. Beyond this, tone is not relevant.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 58, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 58, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Fanakalo", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 58, "region": "Southern Africa", "lexifier": "Bantu", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 57, "jsondata": {}, "id": "61", "name": "Fanakalo", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -28.532656, "longitude": 30.855103}, "name": "Fanakalo"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [30.855103, -28.532656]}, "id": "61"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "18-120-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, 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"language_pk": 34, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 34, "source": null}}], "label": "Nengee", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 34, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 33, "jsondata": {}, "id": "4", "name": "Nengee", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 4.302591, "longitude": -54.415283}, "name": "Nengee"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-54.415283, 4.302591]}, "id": "4"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "5-120-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 1255, "valueset_pk": 1115, "domainelement_pk": 112, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 112, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "120-2", "name": "Reduced tone system", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 2, "abbr": "Reduced tone system"}, "valueset": {"pk": 1115, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "5-120", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 45, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 45, "source": null}}], "label": "Creolese", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 45, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 44, "jsondata": {}, "id": "5", "name": "Creolese", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 6.8, "longitude": -58.166668}, "name": "Creolese"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-58.166668, 6.8]}, "id": "5"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "7-120-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 1803, "valueset_pk": 1614, "domainelement_pk": 112, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 112, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "120-2", "name": "Reduced tone system", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 2, "abbr": "Reduced tone system"}, "valueset": {"pk": 1614, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "7-120", "description": "Pitch modulation and intensity combine to dispel semantic ambiguity.\n\nSome two-syllable lexical and grammatical elements may be distinguished based on pitch contrast.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 67, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 67, "source": null}}], "label": "Vincentian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 67, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 66, "jsondata": {}, "id": "7", "name": "Vincentian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 13.133333, "longitude": -61.216667}, "name": "Vincentian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-61.216667, 13.133333]}, "id": "7"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "10-120-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 2609, "valueset_pk": 2371, "domainelement_pk": 112, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 112, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "120-2", "name": "Reduced tone system", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 2, "abbr": "Reduced tone system"}, "valueset": {"pk": 2371, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "10-120", "description": "On the grammatical and pragmatic level, the tonal opposition affects very few minimal pairs. Besides 'can' - 'cannot', the low-high opposition affects for instance non-emphatic vs. emphatic negation (I qualify this latter opposition as pragmatic). There are also lexical pairs which are distinguished by tone only.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 2, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 2, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "San Andres Creole English", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 2, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 2, "jsondata": {}, "id": "10", "name": "San Andres Creole English", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 13.35, "longitude": -81.366669}, "name": "San Andres Creole English"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-81.366669, 13.35]}, "id": "10"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "47-120-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12630, "valueset_pk": 11599, "domainelement_pk": 112, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 112, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "120-2", "name": "Reduced tone system", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 2, "abbr": "Reduced tone system"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11599, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "47-120", "description": "Birmingham (1970: 4ff) describes the relevance of pitch to disyllabic verbs. He notes that the first syllable of such verbs is characterized by falling pitch, the second by rising pitch (p.5). He also points to some disyllabic forms of other parts of speech which display this pitch pattern (p.6), and concludes that \"pitch has taken the place of stress in these instances\" (6). He assumes that pitch has no relevance to other words in Papiamentu. In fact, those other words are characterized by the coincidence of pitch and accent (Kouwenberg & Murray 1994). What Birmingham noted was the non-coincidence of pitch and accent in the bisyllabic verbs, where accent on the first syllable normally coincides with a phonologically Low tone, whereas the unaccented final syllable carries a High tone. Only a handful of bisyllabic verbs, of Dutch and English origin, display a HL melody with penultimate stress, e.g., sunchi 'kiss', w\u00e8lder 'weld', fretu 'stuff, gorge (on food)', fangu 'catch'.\nR\u00f6mer (1977) and subsequent work, collected in R\u00f6mer (1991), attempts a more complete description of tone in Papiamentu. Kouwenberg (2004) argues that tone melody is largely predictable from word class and that Papiamentu is best considered a pitch-accent language, where pitch and accent normally coincide.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 42, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 42, "source": null}}], "label": "Papiamentu", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 42, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 41, "jsondata": {}, "id": "47", "name": "Papiamentu", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 12.25, "longitude": -69.0}, "name": "Papiamentu"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-69.0, 12.25]}, "id": "47"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "63-120-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16965, "valueset_pk": 15646, "domainelement_pk": 112, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 112, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "120-2", "name": "Reduced tone system", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 26, "number": 2, "abbr": "Reduced tone system"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15646, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "wals_value_number": 2, "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "63-120", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 60, "parameter_pk": 26, "contribution_pk": 60, "source": null}}], "label": "Kinubi", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 60, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Arabic", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 59, "jsondata": {}, "id": "63", "name": "Kinubi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 0.666667, "longitude": 32.083332}, "name": "Kinubi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [32.083332, 0.666667]}, "id": "63"}]}