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{"type": "Point", "coordinates": [135.0, -14.833333]}, "id": "25"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "26-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 6940, "valueset_pk": 6351, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6351, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "26-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 19, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 19, "source": null}}], "label": "Hawai\u2018i Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 19, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "English", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 18, "jsondata": {}, "id": "26", "name": "Hawai\u2018i Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 21.5, "longitude": -158.0}, "name": "Hawai\u2018i Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-158.0, 21.5]}, "id": "26"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "27-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7199, "valueset_pk": 6595, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6595, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "27-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 20, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 20, "source": null}}], "label": "Negerhollands", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 20, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 19, "jsondata": {}, "id": "27", "name": "Negerhollands", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 18.333332, "longitude": -64.75}, "name": "Negerhollands"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-64.75, 18.333332]}, "id": "27"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "28-101-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7472, "valueset_pk": 6843, "domainelement_pk": 25, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 25, "jsondata": {"color": "ADD8E6"}, "id": "101-3", "name": "After verb plus postverbal object", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 3, "abbr": "After verb plus postverbal object"}, "valueset": {"pk": 6843, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-ADD8E6.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "28-101", "description": "Standard negation is clause-final. Where the main verb takes a complement clause, absolute clause-final position is frequently ambiguous, as illustrated here. Such cases may be disambiguated in one of two ways: First, by the presence of perfective aspect. Because of its unacceptability under negation, its presence signals a failure of negation to scope over the proposition that contains it. Second, right-dislocation of an embedded proposition places it overtly outside the scope of negation.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 21, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 21, "source": null}}], "label": "Berbice Dutch", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojQUREOEU2OyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 21, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Dutch", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 20, "jsondata": {}, "id": "28", "name": "Berbice Dutch", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.611373, "longitude": -57.870827}, "name": "Berbice Dutch"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-57.870827, 5.611373]}, "id": "28"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "29-101-6", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 7764, "valueset_pk": 7096, "domainelement_pk": 28, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 28, "jsondata": {"color": "000000"}, "id": "101-6", "name": "Bipartite, other possibilities", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 6, "abbr": "Bipartite, other possibilities"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7096, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-000000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "29-101", "description": "NEG2 always follows the main verb and is dropped if immediately adjecent to NEG1 (cf. den Besten 1986, Biberauer 2008).\nNEG1 precedes the main verb when it is in OV order and it follows the main verb if it is in SVO or VSO order. \nBoth NEG1 and NEG2 may be adjacent to the verb but they don't have to be (... dat hy nie kom nie [... that 3SG.M.NOM NEG come NEG] '... that he isn't coming'.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 22, "parameter_pk": 5, 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"data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 26, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 25, "jsondata": {}, "id": "32", "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of S\u00e3o Vicente", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 16.866667, "longitude": -24.983334}, "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of S\u00e3o Vicente"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-24.983334, 16.866667]}, "id": "32"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "33-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8853, "valueset_pk": 8104, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8104, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "33-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 27, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 27, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Guinea-Bissau Kriyol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 27, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 26, "jsondata": {}, "id": "33", "name": "Guinea-Bissau Kriyol", "description": null, 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"name": "Bipartite, before verb and after object", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 5, "abbr": "Bipartite, before verb and after object"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8617, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "35-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 29, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 29, "source": null}}], "label": "Santome", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkZGRjAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 29, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 28, "jsondata": {}, "id": "35", "name": "Santome", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 0.33285, "longitude": 6.88}, "name": "Santome"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [6.88, 0.33285]}, "id": "35"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "36-101-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 9700, "valueset_pk": 8878, "domainelement_pk": 27, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 27, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "101-5", "name": "Bipartite, before verb and after object", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 5, "abbr": "Bipartite, before verb and after object"}, "valueset": {"pk": 8878, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "36-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 30, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 30, "source": null}}], "label": "Angolar", "icon": 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plus postverbal object", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 3, "abbr": "After verb plus postverbal object"}, "valueset": {"pk": 9135, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-ADD8E6.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "37-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 31, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 31, "source": null}}], "label": "Principense", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojQUREOEU2OyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 31, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 30, "jsondata": {}, "id": "37", "name": "Principense", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 1.616667, "longitude": 7.366667}, "name": 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100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10611, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "43-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 38, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 38, "source": null}}], "label": "Batavia Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 38, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 37, "jsondata": {}, "id": "43", "name": "Batavia Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -6.716667, "longitude": 107.183334}, "name": "Batavia Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [107.183334, -6.716667]}, "id": "43"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "44-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 11800, "valueset_pk": 10831, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 10831, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "44-101", "description": "As in many other Philippine languages, the negator attracts the subject (pronoun) to the second position of the phrase (Steinkr\u00fcger 2007: 372).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 39, 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Chabacano", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 14.7, "longitude": 120.9}, "name": "Cavite Chabacano"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [120.9, 14.7]}, "id": "45"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "46-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12341, "valueset_pk": 11334, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11334, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "46-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 41, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 41, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Zamboanga Chabacano", "icon": 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"Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Guadeloupean Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 46, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 45, "jsondata": {}, "id": "50", "name": "Guadeloupean Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 15.933333, "longitude": -61.266666}, "name": "Guadeloupean Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-61.266666, 15.933333]}, "id": "50"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "51-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 13718, "valueset_pk": 12603, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 12603, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "51-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 47, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 47, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Martinican Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 47, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 46, "jsondata": {}, "id": "51", "name": "Martinican Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 14.633333, "longitude": -60.983334}, "name": "Martinican Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-60.983334, 14.633333]}, "id": "51"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "52-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 13986, "valueset_pk": 12859, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 12859, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "52-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 48, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 48, "source": null}}], "label": "Guyanais", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 48, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 47, "jsondata": {}, "id": "52", "name": "Guyanais", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 3.922142, "longitude": -51.792297}, "name": "Guyanais"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-51.792297, 3.922142]}, "id": "52"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "55-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14816, "valueset_pk": 13619, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13619, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "55-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 51, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 51, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Mauritian Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 51, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 50, "jsondata": {}, "id": "55", "name": "Mauritian Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -20.0, "longitude": 58.0}, "name": "Mauritian Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [58.0, -20.0]}, "id": "55"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "56-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 15098, "valueset_pk": 13875, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13875, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "56-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 52, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 52, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Seychelles Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 52, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 51, "jsondata": {}, "id": "56", "name": "Seychelles Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -4.75, "longitude": 55.5}, "name": "Seychelles Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [55.5, -4.75]}, "id": "56"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "59-101-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 15883, "valueset_pk": 14626, "domainelement_pk": 25, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 25, "jsondata": {"color": "ADD8E6"}, "id": "101-3", "name": "After verb plus postverbal object", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 3, "abbr": "After verb plus postverbal object"}, "valueset": {"pk": 14626, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-ADD8E6.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "59-101", "description": "Note that the negator does not immediately follow the verb but occurs at the end of the clause, and only a couple of particles can follow (see Samarin 1967a). However, the negator may be moved to the main verb in sentences being translated from French (like 326). Example 62 reveals the way speakers cope with having to place the negative marker at the end of a sentence with a dependent clause. Example 323 is a curious one with a negated predicate at the end. I haven't heard anything like this for a long time. Perhaps it was characteristic of the Gbaya area.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 55, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 55, "source": null}}], "label": "Sango", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojQUREOEU2OyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 55, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 54, "jsondata": {}, "id": "59", "name": "Sango", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 5.0, "longitude": 18.0}, "name": "Sango"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [18.0, 5.0]}, "id": "59"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "60-101-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16157, "valueset_pk": 14878, "domainelement_pk": 25, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 25, "jsondata": {"color": "ADD8E6"}, "id": "101-3", "name": "After verb plus postverbal object", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 3, "abbr": "After verb plus postverbal object"}, "valueset": {"pk": 14878, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-ADD8E6.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "60-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 57, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 57, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Lingala", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojQUREOEU2OyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 57, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Bantu", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 56, "jsondata": {}, "id": "60", "name": "Lingala", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -1.675176, "longitude": 16.671753}, "name": "Lingala"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [16.671753, -1.675176]}, "id": "60"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "64-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17216, "valueset_pk": 15883, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15883, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "64-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 61, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 61, "source": null}}], "label": "Juba Arabic", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 61, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Arabic", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 60, "jsondata": {}, "id": "64", "name": "Juba Arabic", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 4.266667, "longitude": 31.016666}, "name": "Juba Arabic"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [31.016666, 4.266667]}, "id": "64"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "66-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17731, "valueset_pk": 16370, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16370, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "66-101", "description": "There is also a periphrastic perfect construction containing a negated auxiliary (see Feature 100 \"Negative morpheme types\"). The auxiliary is adjacent to a free-standing participle.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 63, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 63, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Sri Lankan Malay", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 63, "region": "South Asia", "lexifier": "Malay", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 62, "jsondata": {}, "id": "66", "name": "Sri Lankan Malay", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 7.0, "longitude": 81.25}, "name": "Sri Lankan Malay"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [81.25, 7.0]}, "id": "66"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "67-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17998, "valueset_pk": 16620, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16620, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "67-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 64, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 64, "source": null}}], "label": "Singapore Bazaar Malay", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 64, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Malay", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 63, "jsondata": {}, "id": "67", "name": "Singapore Bazaar Malay", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 1.329226, "longitude": 104.9}, "name": "Singapore Bazaar Malay"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [104.9, 1.329226]}, "id": "67"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "68-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 18265, "valueset_pk": 16871, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16871, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "68-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 65, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 65, "source": null}}], "label": "Ambon Malay", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 65, "region": "Southeast Asia", "lexifier": "Malay", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 64, "jsondata": {}, "id": "68", "name": "Ambon Malay", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -3.7, "longitude": 128.149994}, "name": "Ambon Malay"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [128.149994, -3.7]}, "id": "68"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "70-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 18734, "valueset_pk": 17328, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17328, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "70-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 68, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 68, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Pidgin Hindustani", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 68, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 67, "jsondata": {}, "id": "70", "name": "Pidgin Hindustani", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -17.905569, "longitude": 178.088379}, "name": "Pidgin Hindustani"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [178.088379, -17.905569]}, "id": "70"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "71-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19002, "valueset_pk": 17573, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17573, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "71-101", "description": "It should be noted that there are two different constructions here, NEG SBJ VERB (Example 95, the more common pattern, shared by the lexifier) and SBJ NEG VERB (Example 179, the distinctively pidgin pattern, which was less common).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 69, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 69, "source": "Own data"}}], "label": "Pidgin Hawaiian", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 69, "region": "Pacific", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 68, "jsondata": {}, "id": "71", "name": "Pidgin Hawaiian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 19.8, "longitude": -156.85}, "name": "Pidgin Hawaiian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-156.85, 19.8]}, "id": "71"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "72-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19273, "valueset_pk": 17823, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 17823, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "72-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 70, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 70, "source": null}}], "label": "Gurindji Kriol", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 70, "region": "Australia", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 69, "jsondata": {}, "id": "72", "name": "Gurindji Kriol", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -17.450001, "longitude": 130.983337}, "name": "Gurindji Kriol"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [130.983337, -17.450001]}, "id": "72"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "74-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19776, "valueset_pk": 18314, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 100.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18314, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-100-FF0000.png", "_number_of_values": 1}, "id": "74-101", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 72, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 72, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Chinuk Wawa", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8Y2lyY2xlIGN4PSIxNy4wIiBjeT0iMTcuMCIgcj0iMTYuMCIgc3R5bGU9InN0cm9rZTpibGFjazsgZmlsbDojRkYwMDAwOyI+PC9jaXJjbGU+Cjwvc3ZnPg==", "language": {"pk": 72, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 71, "jsondata": {}, "id": "74", "name": "Chinuk Wawa", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 53.700001, "longitude": -127.73333}, "name": "Chinuk Wawa"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-127.73333, 53.700001]}, "id": "74"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "73-101-4", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19527, "valueset_pk": 18068, "domainelement_pk": 26, "frequency": 90.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 26, "jsondata": {"color": "800080"}, "id": "101-4", "name": "Bipartite, before verb and immediately after", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 4, "abbr": "Bipartite, before verb and immediately after"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18068, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-10-FF0000-90-800080.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "73-101", "description": "The post-verbal negative marker is ocasionally omitted.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 71, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 71, "source": null}}, {"jsondata": {}, "id": "73-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 19528, "valueset_pk": 18068, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 10.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18068, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-10-FF0000-90-800080.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "73-101", "description": "The post-verbal negative marker is ocasionally omitted.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 71, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 71, "source": null}}], "label": "Media Lengua", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,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", "language": {"pk": 71, "region": "South America", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 70, "jsondata": {}, "id": "73", "name": "Media Lengua", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -1.816667, "longitude": -78.199997}, "name": "Media Lengua"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-78.199997, -1.816667]}, "id": "73"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "30-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8038, "valueset_pk": 7346, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 75.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7346, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-75-FF0000-25-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "30-101", "description": "The negative particle ka precedes the verb. If the verb is preceded by (a) TAM marker(s), ka is placed in front of them/it. There is only one exception: The negative particle follows the copula \u00ea (in its unmarked form).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 24, "source": null}}, {"jsondata": {}, "id": "30-101-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 8039, "valueset_pk": 7346, "domainelement_pk": 24, "frequency": 25.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 24, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "101-2", "name": "Immediately after the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 2, "abbr": "Immediately after the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 7346, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-75-FF0000-25-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "30-101", "description": "The negative particle ka precedes the verb. If the verb is preceded by (a) TAM marker(s), ka is placed in front of them/it. There is only one exception: The negative particle follows the copula \u00ea (in its unmarked form).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 24, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 24, "source": null}}], "label": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,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", "language": {"pk": 24, "region": "West Africa", "lexifier": "Portuguese", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 23, "jsondata": {}, "id": "30", "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 15.083333, "longitude": -22.616667}, "name": "Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-22.616667, 15.083333]}, "id": "30"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "54-101-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14535, "valueset_pk": 13363, "domainelement_pk": 24, "frequency": 70.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 24, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "101-2", "name": "Immediately after the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 2, "abbr": "Immediately after the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13363, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-30-FF0000-70-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "54-101", "description": "The negator immediately follows the verb, the copula and the tense auxiliaries la and sa(va). It therefore occurs before the main verb in many cases.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 50, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 50, "source": null}}, {"jsondata": {}, "id": "54-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14534, "valueset_pk": 13363, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 30.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13363, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-30-FF0000-70-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "54-101", "description": "The negator immediately follows the verb, the copula and the tense auxiliaries la and sa(va). It therefore occurs before the main verb in many cases.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 50, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 50, "source": null}}], "label": "Reunion Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyAgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIgogICAgICB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjM0Ij4KICA8cGF0aCBkPSJNMTcuMCwxNy4wIEwxLjAsMTcuMCBBMTYuMCwxNi4wIDAgMSwxIDIxLjkgMzIuMiBMMTcuMCwxNy4wIiBzdHlsZT0iZmlsbDojMDAwMEZGO3N0cm9rZTpub25lOyIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJyb3RhdGUoOTAgMTcuMCAxNy4wKSI+PC9wYXRoPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik0xNy4wLDE3LjAgTDIxLjksMzIuMiBBMTYuMCwxNi4wIDAgMCwxIDEuMCAxNy4wIEwxNy4wLDE3LjAiIHN0eWxlPSJmaWxsOiNGRjAwMDA7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7IiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InJvdGF0ZSg5MCAxNy4wIDE3LjApIj48L3BhdGg+PGNpcmNsZSBjeD0iMTcuMCIgY3k9IjE3LjAiIHI9IjE2LjAiIHN0eWxlPSJzdHJva2U6YmxhY2s7IGZpbGw6bm9uZTsiLz4KPC9zdmc+", "language": {"pk": 50, "region": "Indian Ocean", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 49, "jsondata": {}, "id": "54", "name": "Reunion Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": -20.950001, "longitude": 55.650002}, "name": "Reunion Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [55.650002, -20.950001]}, "id": "54"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "63-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16945, "valueset_pk": 15628, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 70.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15628, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-70-FF0000-30-ADD8E6.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "63-101", "description": "In Kenya, the negation is mainly preverbal and in Uganda mainly postverbal. However, some few Kenyan informants in Mombasa also use postverbal negation.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 60, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 60, "source": null}}, {"jsondata": {}, "id": "63-101-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 16944, "valueset_pk": 15628, "domainelement_pk": 25, "frequency": 30.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 25, "jsondata": {"color": "ADD8E6"}, "id": "101-3", "name": "After verb plus postverbal object", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 3, "abbr": "After verb plus postverbal object"}, "valueset": {"pk": 15628, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-70-FF0000-30-ADD8E6.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "63-101", "description": "In Kenya, the negation is mainly preverbal and in Uganda mainly postverbal. However, some few Kenyan informants in Mombasa also use postverbal negation.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 60, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 60, "source": null}}], "label": "Kinubi", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,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", "language": {"pk": 60, "region": "Central and East Africa", "lexifier": "Arabic", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 59, "jsondata": {}, "id": "63", "name": "Kinubi", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 0.666667, "longitude": 32.083332}, "name": "Kinubi"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [32.083332, 0.666667]}, "id": "63"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "75-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 20079, "valueset_pk": 18573, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 70.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18573, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-70-FF0000-30-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "75-101", "description": "The negative markers namu(ya), noo and eeka always precede the verb, but other elements, such as an NP, may intervene between the negative marker and the verb.\n\nBoth French and Cree negative markers are used.\n\nWhen Cree negative markers are used, they follow the Cree pattern and use distinct forms for imperative sentences, main clauses and subordinate clauses.\n\nIn copula sentences and sentences with the French verb meaning 'to have', the French negator pa is used; pa(t) follows the verb/copula. In noun phrases it follows the noun.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 73, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 73, "source": "Own knowledge"}}, {"jsondata": {}, "id": "75-101-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 20080, "valueset_pk": 18573, "domainelement_pk": 24, "frequency": 30.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 24, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "101-2", "name": "Immediately after the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 2, "abbr": "Immediately after the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 18573, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-70-FF0000-30-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "75-101", "description": "The negative markers namu(ya), noo and eeka always precede the verb, but other elements, such as an NP, may intervene between the negative marker and the verb.\n\nBoth French and Cree negative markers are used.\n\nWhen Cree negative markers are used, they follow the Cree pattern and use distinct forms for imperative sentences, main clauses and subordinate clauses.\n\nIn copula sentences and sentences with the French verb meaning 'to have', the French negator pa is used; pa(t) follows the verb/copula. In noun phrases it follows the noun.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 73, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 73, "source": "Own knowledge"}}], "label": "Michif", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,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", "language": {"pk": 73, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 72, "jsondata": {}, "id": "75", "name": "Michif", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.833332, "longitude": -99.800003}, "name": "Michif"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-99.800003, 48.833332]}, "id": "75"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "53-101-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14258, "valueset_pk": 13110, "domainelement_pk": 24, "frequency": 50.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 24, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "101-2", "name": "Immediately after the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 2, "abbr": "Immediately after the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13110, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-50-FF0000-50-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "53-101", "description": "The negative marker precedes the verb when it expresses past tense and generally follows it in the present. However, with the verbs kone and krwa, the placement of the negator is variable in the present and may appear before or after the verb.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 49, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 49, "source": null}}, {"jsondata": {}, "id": "53-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 14259, "valueset_pk": 13110, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 50.0, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 13110, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-50-FF0000-50-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "53-101", "description": "The negative marker precedes the verb when it expresses past tense and generally follows it in the present. However, with the verbs kone and krwa, the placement of the negator is variable in the present and may appear before or after the verb.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 49, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 49, "source": null}}], "label": "Louisiana Creole", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,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", "language": {"pk": 49, "region": "North America", "lexifier": "French", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 48, "jsondata": {}, "id": "53", "name": "Louisiana Creole", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 30.166668, "longitude": -91.833336}, "name": "Louisiana Creole"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-91.833336, 30.166668]}, "id": "53"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "65-101-2", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17476, "valueset_pk": 16127, "domainelement_pk": 24, "frequency": 50.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 24, "jsondata": {"color": "0000FF"}, "id": "101-2", "name": "Immediately after the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 2, "abbr": "Immediately after the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16127, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-50-FF0000-50-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "65-101", "description": "There are variants in which the prepositive negation ne is used, while other variants use postpositive netu.\nThe negative marker always precedes modal and auxiliary verbs: ne mogu, ne nado etc.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 62, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 62, "source": null}}, {"jsondata": {}, "id": "65-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 17477, "valueset_pk": 16127, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 50.0, "confidence": "Very certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 16127, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-50-FF0000-50-0000FF.png", "_number_of_values": 2}, "id": "65-101", "description": "There are variants in which the prepositive negation ne is used, while other variants use postpositive netu.\nThe negative marker always precedes modal and auxiliary verbs: ne mogu, ne nado etc.", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 62, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 62, "source": null}}], "label": "Chinese Pidgin Russian", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,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", "language": {"pk": 62, "region": "East Asia", "lexifier": "Other", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 61, "jsondata": {}, "id": "65", "name": "Chinese Pidgin Russian", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 48.0, "longitude": 134.0}, "name": "Chinese Pidgin Russian"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [134.0, 48.0]}, "id": "65"}, {"type": "Feature", "properties": {"values": [{"jsondata": {}, "id": "48-101-3", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12874, "valueset_pk": 11832, "domainelement_pk": 25, "frequency": 38.4615384615385, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 25, "jsondata": {"color": "ADD8E6"}, "id": "101-3", "name": "After verb plus postverbal object", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 3, "abbr": "After verb plus postverbal object"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11832, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-24-FF0000-39-ADD8E6-39-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 3}, "id": "48-101", "description": "Schwegler (1991) and Dieck (2000, 2002) show that Palenquero grammar has three predicate negation structures, and that their behaviour is not directly related to the presence or absence of emphasis or commands. These negation structures are: \n\n1. Strictly preverbal negation:\t\nnu V (\u2026.)\t\n2. Double (discontinuous) negation:nu V (\u2026.) nu\n3. Postverbal (clause- or sentence-final) negation:\t \t\nV (\u2026.) nu\n\nThe first two patterns also occur in other Afro-Hispanic regions of the Americas, including the Dominican Republic, Western Colombia (Pacific Lowlands), and Cuba (Schwegler 1996). Curiously, Coste\u00f1o Spanish (northern Colombia) only has the Standard Spanish preverbal pattern. The double (but not the strictly postverbal) negation pattern does, however, occur in the Spanish of (some) Palenqueros (Schwegler & Morton 2003).\nThere is no agreement among specialists as to just exactly leads speakers to select a given pattern. Schwegler (1996) suggests that pragmatic factors (presuppositions) condition pattern selection. Dieck (2000, 2002) disagrees, citing semantic context and morphosyntactic criteria as primary causal determinants.\nIn terms of overall behaviour and use, the Palenquero negation patterns are very similar to those of popular Brazilian Portuguese:\n\n- n\u00e3o falo\n- falo n\u00e3o\n- n\u00e3o falo n\u00e3o\n\nwhere the three strategies are found (here too, the postverbal NEG occurs in clause- or sentence-final position).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 43, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 43, "source": null}}, {"jsondata": {}, "id": "48-101-5", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12876, "valueset_pk": 11832, "domainelement_pk": 27, "frequency": 38.4615384615385, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 27, "jsondata": {"color": "FFFF00"}, "id": "101-5", "name": "Bipartite, before verb and after object", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 5, "abbr": "Bipartite, before verb and after object"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11832, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-24-FF0000-39-ADD8E6-39-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 3}, "id": "48-101", "description": "Schwegler (1991) and Dieck (2000, 2002) show that Palenquero grammar has three predicate negation structures, and that their behaviour is not directly related to the presence or absence of emphasis or commands. These negation structures are: \n\n1. Strictly preverbal negation:\t\nnu V (\u2026.)\t\n2. Double (discontinuous) negation:nu V (\u2026.) nu\n3. Postverbal (clause- or sentence-final) negation:\t \t\nV (\u2026.) nu\n\nThe first two patterns also occur in other Afro-Hispanic regions of the Americas, including the Dominican Republic, Western Colombia (Pacific Lowlands), and Cuba (Schwegler 1996). Curiously, Coste\u00f1o Spanish (northern Colombia) only has the Standard Spanish preverbal pattern. The double (but not the strictly postverbal) negation pattern does, however, occur in the Spanish of (some) Palenqueros (Schwegler & Morton 2003).\nThere is no agreement among specialists as to just exactly leads speakers to select a given pattern. Schwegler (1996) suggests that pragmatic factors (presuppositions) condition pattern selection. Dieck (2000, 2002) disagrees, citing semantic context and morphosyntactic criteria as primary causal determinants.\nIn terms of overall behaviour and use, the Palenquero negation patterns are very similar to those of popular Brazilian Portuguese:\n\n- n\u00e3o falo\n- falo n\u00e3o\n- n\u00e3o falo n\u00e3o\n\nwhere the three strategies are found (here too, the postverbal NEG occurs in clause- or sentence-final position).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 43, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 43, "source": null}}, {"jsondata": {}, "id": "48-101-1", "name": null, "description": null, "markup_description": null, "pk": 12875, "valueset_pk": 11832, "domainelement_pk": 23, "frequency": 23.0769230769231, "confidence": "Certain", "domainelement": {"pk": 23, "jsondata": {"color": "FF0000"}, "id": "101-1", "name": "Before the verb", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "parameter_pk": 5, "number": 1, "abbr": "Before the verb"}, "valueset": {"pk": 11832, "jsondata": {"icon": "pie-24-FF0000-39-ADD8E6-39-FFFF00.png", "_number_of_values": 3}, "id": "48-101", "description": "Schwegler (1991) and Dieck (2000, 2002) show that Palenquero grammar has three predicate negation structures, and that their behaviour is not directly related to the presence or absence of emphasis or commands. These negation structures are: \n\n1. Strictly preverbal negation:\t\nnu V (\u2026.)\t\n2. Double (discontinuous) negation:nu V (\u2026.) nu\n3. Postverbal (clause- or sentence-final) negation:\t \t\nV (\u2026.) nu\n\nThe first two patterns also occur in other Afro-Hispanic regions of the Americas, including the Dominican Republic, Western Colombia (Pacific Lowlands), and Cuba (Schwegler 1996). Curiously, Coste\u00f1o Spanish (northern Colombia) only has the Standard Spanish preverbal pattern. The double (but not the strictly postverbal) negation pattern does, however, occur in the Spanish of (some) Palenqueros (Schwegler & Morton 2003).\nThere is no agreement among specialists as to just exactly leads speakers to select a given pattern. Schwegler (1996) suggests that pragmatic factors (presuppositions) condition pattern selection. Dieck (2000, 2002) disagrees, citing semantic context and morphosyntactic criteria as primary causal determinants.\nIn terms of overall behaviour and use, the Palenquero negation patterns are very similar to those of popular Brazilian Portuguese:\n\n- n\u00e3o falo\n- falo n\u00e3o\n- n\u00e3o falo n\u00e3o\n\nwhere the three strategies are found (here too, the postverbal NEG occurs in clause- or sentence-final position).", "markup_description": null, "language_pk": 43, "parameter_pk": 5, "contribution_pk": 43, "source": null}}], "label": "Palenquero", "icon": "data:image/svg+xml;base64,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", "language": {"pk": 43, "region": "Caribbean", "lexifier": "Spanish", "language_pk": null, "survey_pk": 42, "jsondata": {}, "id": "48", "name": "Palenquero", "description": null, "markup_description": null, "latitude": 10.10318, "longitude": -75.198807}, "name": "Palenquero"}, "geometry": {"type": "Point", "coordinates": [-75.198807, 10.10318]}, "id": "48"}]}