Datapoint Palenquero/Tense-aspect systems

Palenquero has some markers that are clearly temporal (e.g. tan 'future or imminence') and others that are strictly aspectual (e.g. asé = habitual).

But, as I have stated elsewhere in this Atlas, the Palenquero verb system is still poorly understood, and it is not clear in some cases what is aspectual and what is temporal.

Values

Mixed aspectual-temporal system

Example 48-80:
Nina ta besá-ndo é.
Nina
Nina
ta
prog
besá-ndo
kiss-prog
é.
he/she
Nina is kissing him/her.
Spanish: Nina está besándolo/-la.

Source: de Friedemann and Patiño Rosselli 1983: 259

Example 48-81:
I ta kandá-ndo ele.
I
I
ta
prog
kandá-ndo
sing-prog
ele.
he/she
I am singing (lamenting) her.
Spanish: (Yo) estoy cantándolo/cantándola (estoy lamentando la muerte de él/ella).
Example 48-83:
¿Utere asé-ba kandá-lo-ba por kuanto ría?
¿Utere
you.pl
asé-ba
hab-prog
kandá-lo-ba
sing-it-pst.prog
por
for
kuanto
how.many
ría?
day
You were usually singing to (lamenting) him for how many days?
Spanish: (Ustedes) solían cantarlo (lamentar el muerto) por cuántos días?
Example 48-85:
É ta-ba nesesitá mí aí.
É
he/she
ta-ba
prog-pst
nesesitá
need
mí
me
aí.
there
He/she needed me there.
Spanish: Él/ella me necesitaba allí.

Source: de Friedemann and Patiño Rosselli 1983: 157

Example 48-208:
i ta-ba kandá
i
1sg
ta-ba
prog-pst
kandá
sing
I was singing.
Confidence:
Certain