Datapoint Diu Indo-Portuguese/Comitatives and instrumentals

In Diu Indo-Portuguese, the word ku is both a comitative and an instrumental marker (as well as an NP coordinator). In addition, the complex preposition jũt də '(together) with' also marks comitative relations (among other functions), but not instrumental.

Values

Overlap

Example 39-61:
Nɔs tə kume ku mãw.
Nɔs
1pl
tə
ipfv.npst
kum-e
eat-inf
ku
ins
mãw.
hand/arm
We are eating with our hand(s).

Source: Cardoso 2009: 186

Example 39-130:
Ne mĩ bar te nə ũ rapaz te, el tə brĩka ku mĩ.
Ne
loc
mĩ
1sg.poss
bar
neighbourhood
te
exist.npst
nə
req
ũ
one
rapaz
boy
te,
exist.npst
el
3
tə
ipfv.npst
brĩk-a
play-inf
ku
with
mĩ.
1sg.obl
There is a boy in my neighbourhood, you know, he plays with me.

Source: Cardoso 2009: 159

Example 39-131:
Yo gɔs kõta istɔr jũt də Conchita.
Yo
1sg
gɔs
like.npst
kõt-a
tell-inf
istɔr
story
jũt
together
də
of
Conchita.
Conchita
I like to chat with Conchita.

Source: Cardoso 2009: 186

Example 39-132:
Rapaz də Gilbert tiŋ brĩka jũt də mĩ kriãs.
Rapaz
boy
də
of
Gilbert
Gilbert
t-iŋ
ipfv-pst
brĩk-a
play-inf
jũt
together
də
of
mĩ
1sg.poss
kriãs.
child
Gilbert's son used to play with my children.

Source: Cardoso 2009: 186

Confidence:
Very certain