Datapoint Kriol/Complementizer with verbs of speaking
Although the feature is about the indirect speech construction, it seems worth pointing out that in the majority of cases a speech verb is accompanied by a direct quotation; this quotation construction may or may not be marked with the quotation marker lagijat 'thus, like that' in addition. - As in indirect speech no shifting in tense/mood occurs, the only difference between the indirect speech construction and the direct speech construction is in fact the absence versus presence of distinctive quotation prosody (impressionistically, an upward shift in pitch range). Another phenomenon worth mentioning is that one verb, rekon, may be used both as a verb of speaking and a verb of thinking. All of these features are found in at least one of the traditional languages of the Victoria River Region, in Jaminjung.
Values 
No complementizer
- Example 25-19:
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Ai oldei telim im "Na::, jed Nangari yu bin meikim krai fo jet lil bed."Ai1sgoldeialwaystel-imtell-trim3sg"Na,nojeddemNangariNangariyu2sgbinpstmeik-immake-trkraicryfodatjetdemlillittlebed."birdI always tell him: "No, that Nangari, you made her cry for that little bird."
- Example 25-119:
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"Wal ai gin trai." Imin lagijat la olabat."Walwellai1sggincantrai."tryIm=in3sg=pstlagijatlike.thatlalocolabat.3pl"Well, I'll try," he said to them.
Source: Sandefur and Sandefur 1982: 61
- Example 25-164:
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Wal jad lilboi imin reken frog bin likimbat feis en pulumbat heya.Walwelljaddemlilboilittle.boyim=in3sg=pstrekenthink/sayfrogfrogbinpstlik-im-batlick-tr-progfeisfaceenandpul-um-batpull-tr-progheya.hairWell that little boy said/thought that the frog licked his face and pulled his hair.
Source: Galmurr and Willika 1996
- Example 25-243:
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"Holum taid!" im reken jad lilboi la im drim"Hol-umhold-trtaid!"tightim3sgrekenthink/sayjaddemlilboilittle.boylalocim3sgdrimdream"Hold it tight" he said/thought, the little boy in his dream
Source: Galmurr and Willika 1996
- Example 25-253:
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Ai bin telim yu thei bin fraiten.Ai1sgbinpsttel-imtell-tryu2sgthei3plbinpstfraiten.frightenedI (just) told you, they were frightened.
- Example 25-263:
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Thei reken i gota ngalanymuwa, bifo thei bin oldei getim.Thei3plrekenthink/sayi3sggotahavengalanymuwa,echidnabifopreviouslythei3plbinpstoldeialways/habget-im.get-tr[At that place] they think there are echidnas, in the old days they used to catch them.
- Example 25-291:
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"Yu got no bilij", imin tok lagijat."Yu2sggothavenonobilij",ashesim=in3sg=psttokspeaklagijat.like.that"You've got no ashes", she said.
- Example 25-240:
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Gemen jad frog imin tok, "Digimat mi! Digimat mi! Mi stak la rok", gemen jad frog imin sei lagijad.Gemensupposedlyjaddemfrogfrogim=in3sg=psttok,talk"Dig-im-attake-tr-outmi!1sgDig-im-attake-tr-outmi!1sgMi1sgstakstucklalocrok",rockgemensupposedlyjaddemfrogfrogim=in3sg=pstseisaylagijad.like.thatThe frog said "get me out! get me out! I'm stuck in the rock!", the frog spoke like that, in the dream.
Source: Galmurr and Willika 1996
- Example 25-317:
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"A: sori" im reken."A:interjsori"sorryim3sgreken.think/say"Ah sorry" he says.
- Confidence:
- Certain