Datapoint Early Sranan/Expletive subject of existential verb

The subject is in its canonical pre-verbal position.

Values

An expletive subject is not used

Example 1-28:
Wan uman ben de dapeh, dissi habi wan jeje vo siki sinsi tin na aiti jari.
Wan
art.indf.sg
uma
woman
ben
pst
de
cop
dape,
there
disi
rel
habi
have
wan
art.indf.sg
yeye
spirit
fu
of
siki
illness
sensi
since
tin
ten
na
at
aiti
eight
yari.
year
There was a woman there, who had a spirit of infirmity for eighteen years.

Source: Schumann 1781: 176

Example 1-152:
Gongosaman de jette na une middri.
Gongosaman
hypocrite
de
cop
ete
still
na
loc
unu
2pl
mindri.
middle
There are still hypocrites amongst you.
German: Es gibt unter euch noch Heuchler. [op.cit.]

Source: Schumann 1783: 127

Example 1-153:
No wan hai watra dea.
No
neg
wan
one
ai
eye
watra
water
dya.
here
There is no drop of water here.
German: Es ist kein Tropfen Wasser hier. [op.cit.]

Source: Schumann 1783: 56

Example 1-154:
Mastra wini no de na battra.
Masra
master
wini
wine
no
neg
de
cop
na
loc
batra.
bottle
Master, there is no wine in the bottle.
Dutch: Meester daar is geen Wyn in de Fles. [op.cit.]

Source: van Dyk ca. 1765: 61

Example 1-155:
Helpi no de.
Yepi
help
no
neg
de.
be.there
There is no help. OR: There is nothing to be done.
German: Es hilft nichts davor, das ist nicht zu ändern. [op.cit.]

Source: Schumann 1783: 64

Example 1-156:
Kaba alwassi so menni fissi ben de, tog netti no brokko.
Kaba
but
awansi
although
someni
many
fisi
fish
ben
pst
de,
be.there
togu
still
neti
net
no
neg
broko.
break
But although there were a lot of fish, still the net did not tear.

Source: Schumann 1781: 295

Confidence:
Very certain